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can't chain anyway\n\t\tif ( !this.length ) {\n\t\t\tif ( options && options.debug && window.console ) {\n\t\t\t\tconsole.warn( \"Nothing selected, can't validate, returning nothing.\" );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Check if a validator for this form was already created\n\t\tvar validator = $.data( this[ 0 ], \"validator\" );\n\t\tif ( validator ) {\n\t\t\treturn validator;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Add novalidate tag if HTML5.\n\t\tthis.attr( \"novalidate\", \"novalidate\" );\n\n\t\tvalidator = new $.validator( options, this[ 0 ] );\n\t\t$.data( this[ 0 ], \"validator\", validator );\n\n\t\tif ( validator.settings.onsubmit ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.on( \"click.validate\", \":submit\", function( event ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Track the used submit button to properly handle scripted\n\t\t\t\t// submits later.\n\t\t\t\tvalidator.submitButton = event.currentTarget;\n\n\t\t\t\t// Allow suppressing validation by adding a cancel class to the submit button\n\t\t\t\tif ( $( this ).hasClass( \"cancel\" ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.cancelSubmit = true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Allow suppressing validation by adding the html5 formnovalidate attribute to the submit button\n\t\t\t\tif ( $( this ).attr( \"formnovalidate\" ) !== undefined ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.cancelSubmit = true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Validate the form on submit\n\t\t\tthis.on( \"submit.validate\", function( event ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( validator.settings.debug ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Prevent form submit to be able to see console output\n\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tfunction handle() {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar hidden, result;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Insert a hidden input as a replacement for the missing submit button\n\t\t\t\t\t// The hidden input is inserted in two cases:\n\t\t\t\t\t// - A user defined a `submitHandler`\n\t\t\t\t\t// - There was a pending request due to `remote` method and `stopRequest()`\n\t\t\t\t\t// was called to submit the form in case it's valid\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( validator.submitButton && ( validator.settings.submitHandler || validator.formSubmitted ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\thidden = $( \"\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.attr( \"name\", validator.submitButton.name )\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.val( $( validator.submitButton ).val() )\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.appendTo( validator.currentForm );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( validator.settings.submitHandler && !validator.settings.debug ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tresult = validator.settings.submitHandler.call( validator, validator.currentForm, event );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( hidden ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t// And clean up afterwards; thanks to no-block-scope, hidden can be referenced\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thidden.remove();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( result !== undefined ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn result;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Prevent submit for invalid forms or custom submit handlers\n\t\t\t\tif ( validator.cancelSubmit ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.cancelSubmit = false;\n\t\t\t\t\treturn handle();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif ( validator.form() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( validator.pendingRequest ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.formSubmitted = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\treturn handle();\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.focusInvalid();\n\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn validator;\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/valid/\n\tvalid: function() {\n\t\tvar valid, validator, errorList;\n\n\t\tif ( $( this[ 0 ] ).is( \"form\" ) ) {\n\t\t\tvalid = this.validate().form();\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\terrorList = [];\n\t\t\tvalid = true;\n\t\t\tvalidator = $( this[ 0 ].form ).validate();\n\t\t\tthis.each( function() {\n\t\t\t\tvalid = validator.element( this ) && valid;\n\t\t\t\tif ( !valid ) {\n\t\t\t\t\terrorList = errorList.concat( validator.errorList );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\tvalidator.errorList = errorList;\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn valid;\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/rules/\n\trules: function( command, argument ) {\n\t\tvar element = this[ 0 ],\n\t\t\tisContentEditable = typeof this.attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"undefined\" && this.attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"false\",\n\t\t\tsettings, staticRules, existingRules, data, param, filtered;\n\n\t\t// If nothing is selected, return empty object; can't chain anyway\n\t\tif ( element == null ) {\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif ( !element.form && isContentEditable ) {\n\t\t\telement.form = this.closest( \"form\" )[ 0 ];\n\t\t\telement.name = this.attr( \"name\" );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif ( element.form == null ) {\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif ( command ) {\n\t\t\tsettings = $.data( element.form, \"validator\" ).settings;\n\t\t\tstaticRules = settings.rules;\n\t\t\texistingRules = $.validator.staticRules( element );\n\t\t\tswitch ( command ) {\n\t\t\tcase \"add\":\n\t\t\t\t$.extend( existingRules, $.validator.normalizeRule( argument ) );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Remove messages from rules, but allow them to be set separately\n\t\t\t\tdelete existingRules.messages;\n\t\t\t\tstaticRules[ element.name ] = existingRules;\n\t\t\t\tif ( argument.messages ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tsettings.messages[ element.name ] = $.extend( settings.messages[ element.name ], argument.messages );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\tcase \"remove\":\n\t\t\t\tif ( !argument ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete staticRules[ element.name ];\n\t\t\t\t\treturn existingRules;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tfiltered = {};\n\t\t\t\t$.each( argument.split( /\\s/ ), function( index, method ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tfiltered[ method ] = existingRules[ method ];\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete existingRules[ method ];\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\treturn filtered;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tdata = $.validator.normalizeRules(\n\t\t$.extend(\n\t\t\t{},\n\t\t\t$.validator.classRules( element ),\n\t\t\t$.validator.attributeRules( element ),\n\t\t\t$.validator.dataRules( element ),\n\t\t\t$.validator.staticRules( element )\n\t\t), element );\n\n\t\t// Make sure required is at front\n\t\tif ( data.required ) {\n\t\t\tparam = data.required;\n\t\t\tdelete data.required;\n\t\t\tdata = $.extend( { required: param }, data );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Make sure remote is at back\n\t\tif ( data.remote ) {\n\t\t\tparam = data.remote;\n\t\t\tdelete data.remote;\n\t\t\tdata = $.extend( data, { remote: param } );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn data;\n\t}\n} );\n\n// JQuery trim is deprecated, provide a trim method based on String.prototype.trim\nvar trim = function( str ) {\n\n\t// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/trim#Polyfill\n\treturn str.replace( /^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g, \"\" );\n};\n\n// Custom selectors\n$.extend( $.expr.pseudos || $.expr[ \":\" ], {\t\t// '|| $.expr[ \":\" ]' here enables backwards compatibility to jQuery 1.7. Can be removed when dropping jQ 1.7.x support\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/blank-selector/\n\tblank: function( a ) {\n\t\treturn !trim( \"\" + $( a ).val() );\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/filled-selector/\n\tfilled: function( a ) {\n\t\tvar val = $( a ).val();\n\t\treturn val !== null && !!trim( \"\" + val );\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/unchecked-selector/\n\tunchecked: function( a ) {\n\t\treturn !$( a ).prop( \"checked\" );\n\t}\n} );\n\n// Constructor for validator\n$.validator = function( options, form ) {\n\tthis.settings = $.extend( true, {}, $.validator.defaults, options );\n\tthis.currentForm = form;\n\tthis.init();\n};\n\n// https://jqueryvalidation.org/jQuery.validator.format/\n$.validator.format = function( source, params ) {\n\tif ( arguments.length === 1 ) {\n\t\treturn function() {\n\t\t\tvar args = $.makeArray( arguments );\n\t\t\targs.unshift( source );\n\t\t\treturn $.validator.format.apply( this, args );\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\tif ( params === undefined ) {\n\t\treturn source;\n\t}\n\tif ( arguments.length > 2 && params.constructor !== Array ) {\n\t\tparams = $.makeArray( arguments ).slice( 1 );\n\t}\n\tif ( params.constructor !== Array ) {\n\t\tparams = [ params ];\n\t}\n\t$.each( params, function( i, n ) {\n\t\tsource = source.replace( new RegExp( \"\\\\{\" + i + \"\\\\}\", \"g\" ), function() {\n\t\t\treturn n;\n\t\t} );\n\t} );\n\treturn source;\n};\n\n$.extend( $.validator, {\n\n\tdefaults: {\n\t\tmessages: {},\n\t\tgroups: {},\n\t\trules: {},\n\t\terrorClass: \"error\",\n\t\tpendingClass: \"pending\",\n\t\tvalidClass: \"valid\",\n\t\terrorElement: \"label\",\n\t\tfocusCleanup: false,\n\t\tfocusInvalid: true,\n\t\terrorContainer: $( [] ),\n\t\terrorLabelContainer: $( [] ),\n\t\tonsubmit: true,\n\t\tignore: \":hidden\",\n\t\tignoreTitle: false,\n\t\tcustomElements: [],\n\t\tonfocusin: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tthis.lastActive = element;\n\n\t\t\t// Hide error label and remove error class on focus if enabled\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.focusCleanup ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings.unhighlight ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.unhighlight.call( this, element, this.settings.errorClass, this.settings.validClass );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tthis.hideThese( this.errorsFor( element ) );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tonfocusout: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tif ( !this.checkable( element ) && ( element.name in this.submitted || !this.optional( element ) ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.element( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tonkeyup: function( element, event ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Avoid revalidate the field when pressing one of the following keys\n\t\t\t// Shift => 16\n\t\t\t// Ctrl => 17\n\t\t\t// Alt => 18\n\t\t\t// Caps lock => 20\n\t\t\t// End => 35\n\t\t\t// Home => 36\n\t\t\t// Left arrow => 37\n\t\t\t// Up arrow => 38\n\t\t\t// Right arrow => 39\n\t\t\t// Down arrow => 40\n\t\t\t// Insert => 45\n\t\t\t// Num lock => 144\n\t\t\t// AltGr key => 225\n\t\t\tvar excludedKeys = [\n\t\t\t\t16, 17, 18, 20, 35, 36, 37,\n\t\t\t\t38, 39, 40, 45, 144, 225\n\t\t\t];\n\n\t\t\tif ( event.which === 9 && this.elementValue( element ) === \"\" || $.inArray( event.keyCode, excludedKeys ) !== -1 ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t} else if ( element.name in this.submitted || element.name in this.invalid ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.element( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tonclick: function( element ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Click on selects, radiobuttons and checkboxes\n\t\t\tif ( element.name in this.submitted ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.element( element );\n\n\t\t\t// Or option elements, check parent select in that case\n\t\t\t} else if ( element.parentNode.name in this.submitted ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.element( element.parentNode );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\thighlight: function( element, errorClass, validClass ) {\n\t\t\tif ( element.type === \"radio\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.findByName( element.name ).addClass( errorClass ).removeClass( validClass );\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t$( element ).addClass( errorClass ).removeClass( validClass );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tunhighlight: function( element, errorClass, validClass ) {\n\t\t\tif ( element.type === \"radio\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.findByName( element.name ).removeClass( errorClass ).addClass( validClass );\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t$( element ).removeClass( errorClass ).addClass( validClass );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/jQuery.validator.setDefaults/\n\tsetDefaults: function( settings ) {\n\t\t$.extend( $.validator.defaults, settings );\n\t},\n\n\tmessages: {\n\t\trequired: \"This field is required.\",\n\t\tremote: \"Please fix this field.\",\n\t\temail: \"Please enter a valid email address.\",\n\t\turl: \"Please enter a valid URL.\",\n\t\tdate: \"Please enter a valid date.\",\n\t\tdateISO: \"Please enter a valid date (ISO).\",\n\t\tnumber: \"Please enter a valid number.\",\n\t\tdigits: \"Please enter only digits.\",\n\t\tequalTo: \"Please enter the same value again.\",\n\t\tmaxlength: $.validator.format( \"Please enter no more than {0} characters.\" ),\n\t\tminlength: $.validator.format( \"Please enter at least {0} characters.\" ),\n\t\trangelength: $.validator.format( \"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.\" ),\n\t\trange: $.validator.format( \"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.\" ),\n\t\tmax: $.validator.format( \"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.\" ),\n\t\tmin: $.validator.format( \"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.\" ),\n\t\tstep: $.validator.format( \"Please enter a multiple of {0}.\" )\n\t},\n\n\tautoCreateRanges: false,\n\n\tprototype: {\n\n\t\tinit: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.labelContainer = $( this.settings.errorLabelContainer );\n\t\t\tthis.errorContext = this.labelContainer.length && this.labelContainer || $( this.currentForm );\n\t\t\tthis.containers = $( this.settings.errorContainer ).add( this.settings.errorLabelContainer );\n\t\t\tthis.submitted = {};\n\t\t\tthis.valueCache = {};\n\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest = 0;\n\t\t\tthis.pending = {};\n\t\t\tthis.invalid = {};\n\t\t\tthis.reset();\n\n\t\t\tvar currentForm = this.currentForm,\n\t\t\t\tgroups = ( this.groups = {} ),\n\t\t\t\trules;\n\t\t\t$.each( this.settings.groups, function( key, value ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( typeof value === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue = value.split( /\\s/ );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t$.each( value, function( index, name ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tgroups[ name ] = key;\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\trules = this.settings.rules;\n\t\t\t$.each( rules, function( key, value ) {\n\t\t\t\trules[ key ] = $.validator.normalizeRule( value );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tfunction delegate( event ) {\n\t\t\t\tvar isContentEditable = typeof $( this ).attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"undefined\" && $( this ).attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"false\";\n\n\t\t\t\t// Set form expando on contenteditable\n\t\t\t\tif ( !this.form && isContentEditable ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.form = $( this ).closest( \"form\" )[ 0 ];\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.name = $( this ).attr( \"name\" );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Ignore the element if it belongs to another form. This will happen mainly\n\t\t\t\t// when setting the `form` attribute of an input to the id of another form.\n\t\t\t\tif ( currentForm !== this.form ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tvar validator = $.data( this.form, \"validator\" ),\n\t\t\t\t\teventType = \"on\" + event.type.replace( /^validate/, \"\" ),\n\t\t\t\t\tsettings = validator.settings;\n\t\t\t\tif ( settings[ eventType ] && !$( this ).is( settings.ignore ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tsettings[ eventType ].call( validator, this, event );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tvar focusListeners = [ \":text\", \"[type='password']\", \"[type='file']\", \"select\", \"textarea\", \"[type='number']\", \"[type='search']\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"[type='tel']\", \"[type='url']\", \"[type='email']\", \"[type='datetime']\", \"[type='date']\", \"[type='month']\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"[type='week']\", \"[type='time']\", \"[type='datetime-local']\", \"[type='range']\", \"[type='color']\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"[type='radio']\", \"[type='checkbox']\", \"[contenteditable]\", \"[type='button']\" ];\n\t\t\tvar clickListeners = [ \"select\", \"option\", \"[type='radio']\", \"[type='checkbox']\" ];\n\t\t\t$( this.currentForm )\n\t\t\t\t.on( \"focusin.validate focusout.validate keyup.validate\", focusListeners.concat( this.settings.customElements ).join( \", \" ), delegate )\n\n\t\t\t\t// Support: Chrome, oldIE\n\t\t\t\t// \"select\" is provided as event.target when clicking a option\n\t\t\t\t.on( \"click.validate\", clickListeners.concat( this.settings.customElements ).join( \", \" ), delegate );\n\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.invalidHandler ) {\n\t\t\t\t$( this.currentForm ).on( \"invalid-form.validate\", this.settings.invalidHandler );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/Validator.form/\n\t\tform: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.checkForm();\n\t\t\t$.extend( this.submitted, this.errorMap );\n\t\t\tthis.invalid = $.extend( {}, this.errorMap );\n\t\t\tif ( !this.valid() ) {\n\t\t\t\t$( this.currentForm ).triggerHandler( \"invalid-form\", [ this ] );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tthis.showErrors();\n\t\t\treturn this.valid();\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tcheckForm: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.prepareForm();\n\t\t\tfor ( var i = 0, elements = ( this.currentElements = this.elements() ); elements[ i ]; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.check( elements[ i ] );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn this.valid();\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/Validator.element/\n\t\telement: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tvar cleanElement = this.clean( element ),\n\t\t\t\tcheckElement = this.validationTargetFor( cleanElement ),\n\t\t\t\tv = this,\n\t\t\t\tresult = true,\n\t\t\t\trs, group;\n\n\t\t\tif ( checkElement === undefined ) {\n\t\t\t\tdelete this.invalid[ cleanElement.name ];\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tthis.prepareElement( checkElement );\n\t\t\t\tthis.currentElements = $( checkElement );\n\n\t\t\t\t// If this element is grouped, then validate all group elements already\n\t\t\t\t// containing a value\n\t\t\t\tgroup = this.groups[ checkElement.name ];\n\t\t\t\tif ( group ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t$.each( this.groups, function( name, testgroup ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( testgroup === group && name !== checkElement.name ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcleanElement = v.validationTargetFor( v.clean( v.findByName( name ) ) );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( cleanElement && cleanElement.name in v.invalid ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tv.currentElements.push( cleanElement );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tresult = v.check( cleanElement ) && result;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\trs = this.check( checkElement ) !== false;\n\t\t\t\tresult = result && rs;\n\t\t\t\tif ( rs ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.invalid[ checkElement.name ] = false;\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.invalid[ checkElement.name ] = true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif ( !this.numberOfInvalids() ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Hide error containers on last error\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.toHide = this.toHide.add( this.containers );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tthis.showErrors();\n\n\t\t\t\t// Add aria-invalid status for screen readers\n\t\t\t\t$( element ).attr( \"aria-invalid\", !rs );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn result;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/Validator.showErrors/\n\t\tshowErrors: function( errors ) {\n\t\t\tif ( errors ) {\n\t\t\t\tvar validator = this;\n\n\t\t\t\t// Add items to error list and map\n\t\t\t\t$.extend( this.errorMap, errors );\n\t\t\t\tthis.errorList = $.map( this.errorMap, function( message, name ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmessage: message,\n\t\t\t\t\t\telement: validator.findByName( name )[ 0 ]\n\t\t\t\t\t};\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Remove items from success list\n\t\t\t\tthis.successList = $.grep( this.successList, function( element ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn !( element.name in errors );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.showErrors ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.settings.showErrors.call( this, this.errorMap, this.errorList );\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tthis.defaultShowErrors();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/Validator.resetForm/\n\t\tresetForm: function() {\n\t\t\tif ( $.fn.resetForm ) {\n\t\t\t\t$( this.currentForm ).resetForm();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tthis.invalid = {};\n\t\t\tthis.submitted = {};\n\t\t\tthis.prepareForm();\n\t\t\tthis.hideErrors();\n\t\t\tvar elements = this.elements()\n\t\t\t\t.removeData( \"previousValue\" )\n\t\t\t\t.removeAttr( \"aria-invalid\" );\n\n\t\t\tthis.resetElements( elements );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tresetElements: function( elements ) {\n\t\t\tvar i;\n\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.unhighlight ) {\n\t\t\t\tfor ( i = 0; elements[ i ]; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.unhighlight.call( this, elements[ i ],\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.errorClass, \"\" );\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.findByName( elements[ i ].name ).removeClass( this.settings.validClass );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\telements\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( this.settings.errorClass )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( this.settings.validClass );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tnumberOfInvalids: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this.objectLength( this.invalid );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tobjectLength: function( obj ) {\n\t\t\t/* jshint unused: false */\n\t\t\tvar count = 0,\n\t\t\t\ti;\n\t\t\tfor ( i in obj ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// This check allows counting elements with empty error\n\t\t\t\t// message as invalid elements\n\t\t\t\tif ( obj[ i ] !== undefined && obj[ i ] !== null && obj[ i ] !== false ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tcount++;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn count;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\thideErrors: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.hideThese( this.toHide );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\thideThese: function( errors ) {\n\t\t\terrors.not( this.containers ).text( \"\" );\n\t\t\tthis.addWrapper( errors ).hide();\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tvalid: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this.size() === 0;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tsize: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this.errorList.length;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tfocusInvalid: function() {\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.focusInvalid ) {\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\t$( this.findLastActive() || this.errorList.length && this.errorList[ 0 ].element || [] )\n\t\t\t\t\t.filter( \":visible\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.trigger( \"focus\" )\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Manually trigger focusin event; without it, focusin handler isn't called, findLastActive won't have anything to find\n\t\t\t\t\t.trigger( \"focusin\" );\n\t\t\t\t} catch ( e ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Ignore IE throwing errors when focusing hidden elements\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tfindLastActive: function() {\n\t\t\tvar lastActive = this.lastActive;\n\t\t\treturn lastActive && $.grep( this.errorList, function( n ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn n.element.name === lastActive.name;\n\t\t\t} ).length === 1 && lastActive;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\telements: function() {\n\t\t\tvar validator = this,\n\t\t\t\trulesCache = {},\n\t\t\t\tselectors = [ \"input\", \"select\", \"textarea\", \"[contenteditable]\" ];\n\n\t\t\t// Select all valid inputs inside the form (no submit or reset buttons)\n\t\t\treturn $( this.currentForm )\n\t\t\t.find( selectors.concat( this.settings.customElements ).join( \", \" ) )\n\t\t\t.not( \":submit, :reset, :image, :disabled\" )\n\t\t\t.not( this.settings.ignore )\n\t\t\t.filter( function() {\n\t\t\t\tvar name = this.name || $( this ).attr( \"name\" ); // For contenteditable\n\t\t\t\tvar isContentEditable = typeof $( this ).attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"undefined\" && $( this ).attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"false\";\n\n\t\t\t\tif ( !name && validator.settings.debug && window.console ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tconsole.error( \"%o has no name assigned\", this );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Set form expando on contenteditable\n\t\t\t\tif ( isContentEditable ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.form = $( this ).closest( \"form\" )[ 0 ];\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.name = name;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Ignore elements that belong to other/nested forms\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.form !== validator.currentForm ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Select only the first element for each name, and only those with rules specified\n\t\t\t\tif ( name in rulesCache || !validator.objectLength( $( this ).rules() ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\trulesCache[ name ] = true;\n\t\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tclean: function( selector ) {\n\t\t\treturn $( selector )[ 0 ];\n\t\t},\n\n\t\terrors: function() {\n\t\t\tvar errorClass = this.settings.errorClass.split( \" \" ).join( \".\" );\n\t\t\treturn $( this.settings.errorElement + \".\" + errorClass, this.errorContext );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tresetInternals: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.successList = [];\n\t\t\tthis.errorList = [];\n\t\t\tthis.errorMap = {};\n\t\t\tthis.toShow = $( [] );\n\t\t\tthis.toHide = $( [] );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\treset: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.resetInternals();\n\t\t\tthis.currentElements = $( [] );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tprepareForm: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.reset();\n\t\t\tthis.toHide = this.errors().add( this.containers );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tprepareElement: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tthis.reset();\n\t\t\tthis.toHide = this.errorsFor( element );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\telementValue: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tvar $element = $( element ),\n\t\t\t\ttype = element.type,\n\t\t\t\tisContentEditable = typeof $element.attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"undefined\" && $element.attr( \"contenteditable\" ) !== \"false\",\n\t\t\t\tval, idx;\n\n\t\t\tif ( type === \"radio\" || type === \"checkbox\" ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn this.findByName( element.name ).filter( \":checked\" ).val();\n\t\t\t} else if ( type === \"number\" && typeof element.validity !== \"undefined\" ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn element.validity.badInput ? \"NaN\" : $element.val();\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( isContentEditable ) {\n\t\t\t\tval = $element.text();\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tval = $element.val();\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( type === \"file\" ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Modern browser (chrome & safari)\n\t\t\t\tif ( val.substr( 0, 12 ) === \"C:\\\\fakepath\\\\\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn val.substr( 12 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Legacy browsers\n\t\t\t\t// Unix-based path\n\t\t\t\tidx = val.lastIndexOf( \"/\" );\n\t\t\t\tif ( idx >= 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn val.substr( idx + 1 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Windows-based path\n\t\t\t\tidx = val.lastIndexOf( \"\\\\\" );\n\t\t\t\tif ( idx >= 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn val.substr( idx + 1 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Just the file name\n\t\t\t\treturn val;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( typeof val === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn val.replace( /\\r/g, \"\" );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn val;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tcheck: function( element ) {\n\t\t\telement = this.validationTargetFor( this.clean( element ) );\n\n\t\t\tvar rules = $( element ).rules(),\n\t\t\t\trulesCount = $.map( rules, function( n, i ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn i;\n\t\t\t\t} ).length,\n\t\t\t\tdependencyMismatch = false,\n\t\t\t\tval = this.elementValue( element ),\n\t\t\t\tresult, method, rule, normalizer;\n\n\t\t\t// Abort any pending Ajax request from a previous call to this method.\n\t\t\tthis.abortRequest( element );\n\n\t\t\t// Prioritize the local normalizer defined for this element over the global one\n\t\t\t// if the former exists, otherwise user the global one in case it exists.\n\t\t\tif ( typeof rules.normalizer === \"function\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tnormalizer = rules.normalizer;\n\t\t\t} else if (\ttypeof this.settings.normalizer === \"function\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tnormalizer = this.settings.normalizer;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// If normalizer is defined, then call it to retreive the changed value instead\n\t\t\t// of using the real one.\n\t\t\t// Note that `this` in the normalizer is `element`.\n\t\t\tif ( normalizer ) {\n\t\t\t\tval = normalizer.call( element, val );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Delete the normalizer from rules to avoid treating it as a pre-defined method.\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules.normalizer;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tfor ( method in rules ) {\n\t\t\t\trule = { method: method, parameters: rules[ method ] };\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\tresult = $.validator.methods[ method ].call( this, val, element, rule.parameters );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If a method indicates that the field is optional and therefore valid,\n\t\t\t\t\t// don't mark it as valid when there are no other rules\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( result === \"dependency-mismatch\" && rulesCount === 1 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdependencyMismatch = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcontinue;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tdependencyMismatch = false;\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( result === \"pending\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.toHide = this.toHide.not( this.errorsFor( element ) );\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( !result ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.formatAndAdd( element, rule );\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t} catch ( e ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings.debug && window.console ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconsole.log( \"Exception occurred when checking element \" + element.id + \", check the '\" + rule.method + \"' method.\", e );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( e instanceof TypeError ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\te.message += \". Exception occurred when checking element \" + element.id + \", check the '\" + rule.method + \"' method.\";\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tthrow e;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( dependencyMismatch ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.objectLength( rules ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.successList.push( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Return the custom message for the given element and validation method\n\t\t// specified in the element's HTML5 data attribute\n\t\t// return the generic message if present and no method specific message is present\n\t\tcustomDataMessage: function( element, method ) {\n\t\t\treturn $( element ).data( \"msg\" + method.charAt( 0 ).toUpperCase() +\n\t\t\t\tmethod.substring( 1 ).toLowerCase() ) || $( element ).data( \"msg\" );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Return the custom message for the given element name and validation method\n\t\tcustomMessage: function( name, method ) {\n\t\t\tvar m = this.settings.messages[ name ];\n\t\t\treturn m && ( m.constructor === String ? m : m[ method ] );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Return the first defined argument, allowing empty strings\n\t\tfindDefined: function() {\n\t\t\tfor ( var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( arguments[ i ] !== undefined ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn arguments[ i ];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn undefined;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// The second parameter 'rule' used to be a string, and extended to an object literal\n\t\t// of the following form:\n\t\t// rule = {\n\t\t// method: \"method name\",\n\t\t// parameters: \"the given method parameters\"\n\t\t// }\n\t\t//\n\t\t// The old behavior still supported, kept to maintain backward compatibility with\n\t\t// old code, and will be removed in the next major release.\n\t\tdefaultMessage: function( element, rule ) {\n\t\t\tif ( typeof rule === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\t\trule = { method: rule };\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tvar message = this.findDefined(\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.customMessage( element.name, rule.method ),\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.customDataMessage( element, rule.method ),\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// 'title' is never undefined, so handle empty string as undefined\n\t\t\t\t\t!this.settings.ignoreTitle && element.title || undefined,\n\t\t\t\t\t$.validator.messages[ rule.method ],\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Warning: No message defined for \" + element.name + \"\"\n\t\t\t\t),\n\t\t\t\ttheregex = /\\$?\\{(\\d+)\\}/g;\n\t\t\tif ( typeof message === \"function\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tmessage = message.call( this, rule.parameters, element );\n\t\t\t} else if ( theregex.test( message ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tmessage = $.validator.format( message.replace( theregex, \"{$1}\" ), rule.parameters );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn message;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tformatAndAdd: function( element, rule ) {\n\t\t\tvar message = this.defaultMessage( element, rule );\n\n\t\t\tthis.errorList.push( {\n\t\t\t\tmessage: message,\n\t\t\t\telement: element,\n\t\t\t\tmethod: rule.method\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tthis.errorMap[ element.name ] = message;\n\t\t\tthis.submitted[ element.name ] = message;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\taddWrapper: function( toToggle ) {\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.wrapper ) {\n\t\t\t\ttoToggle = toToggle.add( toToggle.parent( this.settings.wrapper ) );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn toToggle;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tdefaultShowErrors: function() {\n\t\t\tvar i, elements, error;\n\t\t\tfor ( i = 0; this.errorList[ i ]; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\terror = this.errorList[ i ];\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings.highlight ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.highlight.call( this, error.element, this.settings.errorClass, this.settings.validClass );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tthis.showLabel( error.element, error.message );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.errorList.length ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.toShow = this.toShow.add( this.containers );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.success ) {\n\t\t\t\tfor ( i = 0; this.successList[ i ]; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.showLabel( this.successList[ i ] );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.unhighlight ) {\n\t\t\t\tfor ( i = 0, elements = this.validElements(); elements[ i ]; i++ ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.unhighlight.call( this, elements[ i ], this.settings.errorClass, this.settings.validClass );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tthis.toHide = this.toHide.not( this.toShow );\n\t\t\tthis.hideErrors();\n\t\t\tthis.addWrapper( this.toShow ).show();\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tvalidElements: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this.currentElements.not( this.invalidElements() );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tinvalidElements: function() {\n\t\t\treturn $( this.errorList ).map( function() {\n\t\t\t\treturn this.element;\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tshowLabel: function( element, message ) {\n\t\t\tvar place, group, errorID, v,\n\t\t\t\terror = this.errorsFor( element ),\n\t\t\t\telementID = this.idOrName( element ),\n\t\t\t\tdescribedBy = $( element ).attr( \"aria-describedby\" );\n\n\t\t\tif ( error.length ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Refresh error/success class\n\t\t\t\terror.removeClass( this.settings.validClass ).addClass( this.settings.errorClass );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Replace message on existing label\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings && this.settings.escapeHtml ) {\n\t\t\t\t\terror.text( message || \"\" );\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\terror.html( message || \"\" );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Create error element\n\t\t\t\terror = $( \"<\" + this.settings.errorElement + \">\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.attr( \"id\", elementID + \"-error\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.addClass( this.settings.errorClass );\n\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings && this.settings.escapeHtml ) {\n\t\t\t\t\terror.text( message || \"\" );\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\terror.html( message || \"\" );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Maintain reference to the element to be placed into the DOM\n\t\t\t\tplace = error;\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings.wrapper ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Make sure the element is visible, even in IE\n\t\t\t\t\t// actually showing the wrapped element is handled elsewhere\n\t\t\t\t\tplace = error.hide().show().wrap( \"<\" + this.settings.wrapper + \"/>\" ).parent();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.labelContainer.length ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.labelContainer.append( place );\n\t\t\t\t} else if ( this.settings.errorPlacement ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.errorPlacement.call( this, place, $( element ) );\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tplace.insertAfter( element );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Link error back to the element\n\t\t\t\tif ( error.is( \"label\" ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If the error is a label, then associate using 'for'\n\t\t\t\t\terror.attr( \"for\", elementID );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If the element is not a child of an associated label, then it's necessary\n\t\t\t\t\t// to explicitly apply aria-describedby\n\t\t\t\t} else if ( error.parents( \"label[for='\" + this.escapeCssMeta( elementID ) + \"']\" ).length === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\terrorID = error.attr( \"id\" );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Respect existing non-error aria-describedby\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( !describedBy ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdescribedBy = errorID;\n\t\t\t\t\t} else if ( !describedBy.match( new RegExp( \"\\\\b\" + this.escapeCssMeta( errorID ) + \"\\\\b\" ) ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Add to end of list if not already present\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdescribedBy += \" \" + errorID;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t$( element ).attr( \"aria-describedby\", describedBy );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If this element is grouped, then assign to all elements in the same group\n\t\t\t\t\tgroup = this.groups[ element.name ];\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( group ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tv = this;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$.each( v.groups, function( name, testgroup ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( testgroup === group ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$( \"[name='\" + v.escapeCssMeta( name ) + \"']\", v.currentForm )\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.attr( \"aria-describedby\", error.attr( \"id\" ) );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( !message && this.settings.success ) {\n\t\t\t\terror.text( \"\" );\n\t\t\t\tif ( typeof this.settings.success === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\terror.addClass( this.settings.success );\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.settings.success( error, element );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tthis.toShow = this.toShow.add( error );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\terrorsFor: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tvar name = this.escapeCssMeta( this.idOrName( element ) ),\n\t\t\t\tdescriber = $( element ).attr( \"aria-describedby\" ),\n\t\t\t\tselector = \"label[for='\" + name + \"'], label[for='\" + name + \"'] *\";\n\n\t\t\t// 'aria-describedby' should directly reference the error element\n\t\t\tif ( describer ) {\n\t\t\t\tselector = selector + \", #\" + this.escapeCssMeta( describer )\n\t\t\t\t\t.replace( /\\s+/g, \", #\" );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn this\n\t\t\t\t.errors()\n\t\t\t\t.filter( selector );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// See https://api.jquery.com/category/selectors/, for CSS\n\t\t// meta-characters that should be escaped in order to be used with JQuery\n\t\t// as a literal part of a name/id or any selector.\n\t\tescapeCssMeta: function( string ) {\n\t\t\tif ( string === undefined ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn \"\";\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn string.replace( /([\\\\!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@\\[\\]^`{|}~])/g, \"\\\\$1\" );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tidOrName: function( element ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.groups[ element.name ] || ( this.checkable( element ) ? element.name : element.id || element.name );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tvalidationTargetFor: function( element ) {\n\n\t\t\t// If radio/checkbox, validate first element in group instead\n\t\t\tif ( this.checkable( element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\telement = this.findByName( element.name );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Always apply ignore filter\n\t\t\treturn $( element ).not( this.settings.ignore )[ 0 ];\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tcheckable: function( element ) {\n\t\t\treturn ( /radio|checkbox/i ).test( element.type );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tfindByName: function( name ) {\n\t\t\treturn $( this.currentForm ).find( \"[name='\" + this.escapeCssMeta( name ) + \"']\" );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tgetLength: function( value, element ) {\n\t\t\tswitch ( element.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) {\n\t\t\tcase \"select\":\n\t\t\t\treturn $( \"option:selected\", element ).length;\n\t\t\tcase \"input\":\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.checkable( element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn this.findByName( element.name ).filter( \":checked\" ).length;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn value.length;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tdepend: function( param, element ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.dependTypes[ typeof param ] ? this.dependTypes[ typeof param ]( param, element ) : true;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tdependTypes: {\n\t\t\t\"boolean\": function( param ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn param;\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\"string\": function( param, element ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn !!$( param, element.form ).length;\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\"function\": function( param, element ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn param( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\toptional: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tvar val = this.elementValue( element );\n\t\t\treturn !$.validator.methods.required.call( this, val, element ) && \"dependency-mismatch\";\n\t\t},\n\n\t\telementAjaxPort: function( element ) {\n\t\t\treturn \"validate\" + element.name;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tstartRequest: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tif ( !this.pending[ element.name ] ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest++;\n\t\t\t\t$( element ).addClass( this.settings.pendingClass );\n\t\t\t\tthis.pending[ element.name ] = true;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tstopRequest: function( element, valid ) {\n\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest--;\n\n\t\t\t// Sometimes synchronization fails, make sure pendingRequest is never < 0\n\t\t\tif ( this.pendingRequest < 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest = 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tdelete this.pending[ element.name ];\n\t\t\t$( element ).removeClass( this.settings.pendingClass );\n\t\t\tif ( valid && this.pendingRequest === 0 && this.formSubmitted && this.form() && this.pendingRequest === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t$( this.currentForm ).trigger( \"submit\" );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Remove the hidden input that was used as a replacement for the\n\t\t\t\t// missing submit button. The hidden input is added by `handle()`\n\t\t\t\t// to ensure that the value of the used submit button is passed on\n\t\t\t\t// for scripted submits triggered by this method\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.submitButton ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t$( \"input:hidden[name='\" + this.submitButton.name + \"']\", this.currentForm ).remove();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.formSubmitted = false;\n\t\t\t} else if ( !valid && this.pendingRequest === 0 && this.formSubmitted ) {\n\t\t\t\t$( this.currentForm ).triggerHandler( \"invalid-form\", [ this ] );\n\t\t\t\tthis.formSubmitted = false;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tabortRequest: function( element ) {\n\t\t\tvar port;\n\n\t\t\tif ( this.pending[ element.name ] ) {\n\t\t\t\tport = this.elementAjaxPort( element );\n\t\t\t\t$.ajaxAbort( port );\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest--;\n\n\t\t\t\t// Sometimes synchronization fails, make sure pendingRequest is never < 0\n\t\t\t\tif ( this.pendingRequest < 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.pendingRequest = 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tdelete this.pending[ element.name ];\n\t\t\t\t$( element ).removeClass( this.settings.pendingClass );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tpreviousValue: function( element, method ) {\n\t\t\tmethod = typeof method === \"string\" && method || \"remote\";\n\n\t\t\treturn $.data( element, \"previousValue\" ) || $.data( element, \"previousValue\", {\n\t\t\t\told: null,\n\t\t\t\tvalid: true,\n\t\t\t\tmessage: this.defaultMessage( element, { method: method } )\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Cleans up all forms and elements, removes validator-specific events\n\t\tdestroy: function() {\n\t\t\tthis.resetForm();\n\n\t\t\t$( this.currentForm )\n\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate\" )\n\t\t\t\t.removeData( \"validator\" )\n\t\t\t\t.find( \".validate-equalTo-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate-equalTo\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( \"validate-equalTo-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t.find( \".validate-lessThan-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate-lessThan\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( \"validate-lessThan-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t.find( \".validate-lessThanEqual-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate-lessThanEqual\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( \"validate-lessThanEqual-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t.find( \".validate-greaterThanEqual-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate-greaterThanEqual\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( \"validate-greaterThanEqual-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t.find( \".validate-greaterThan-blur\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.off( \".validate-greaterThan\" )\n\t\t\t\t\t.removeClass( \"validate-greaterThan-blur\" );\n\t\t}\n\n\t},\n\n\tclassRuleSettings: {\n\t\trequired: { required: true },\n\t\temail: { email: true },\n\t\turl: { url: true },\n\t\tdate: { date: true },\n\t\tdateISO: { dateISO: true },\n\t\tnumber: { number: true },\n\t\tdigits: { digits: true },\n\t\tcreditcard: { creditcard: true }\n\t},\n\n\taddClassRules: function( className, rules ) {\n\t\tif ( className.constructor === String ) {\n\t\t\tthis.classRuleSettings[ className ] = rules;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t$.extend( this.classRuleSettings, className );\n\t\t}\n\t},\n\n\tclassRules: function( element ) {\n\t\tvar rules = {},\n\t\t\tclasses = $( element ).attr( \"class\" );\n\n\t\tif ( classes ) {\n\t\t\t$.each( classes.split( \" \" ), function() {\n\t\t\t\tif ( this in $.validator.classRuleSettings ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t$.extend( rules, $.validator.classRuleSettings[ this ] );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn rules;\n\t},\n\n\tnormalizeAttributeRule: function( rules, type, method, value ) {\n\n\t\t// Convert the value to a number for number inputs, and for text for backwards compability\n\t\t// allows type=\"date\" and others to be compared as strings\n\t\tif ( /min|max|step/.test( method ) && ( type === null || /number|range|text/.test( type ) ) ) {\n\t\t\tvalue = Number( value );\n\n\t\t\t// Support Opera Mini, which returns NaN for undefined minlength\n\t\t\tif ( isNaN( value ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = undefined;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif ( value || value === 0 ) {\n\t\t\trules[ method ] = value;\n\t\t} else if ( type === method && type !== \"range\" ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Exception: the jquery validate 'range' method\n\t\t\t// does not test for the html5 'range' type\n\t\t\trules[ type === \"date\" ? \"dateISO\" : method ] = true;\n\t\t}\n\t},\n\n\tattributeRules: function( element ) {\n\t\tvar rules = {},\n\t\t\t$element = $( element ),\n\t\t\ttype = element.getAttribute( \"type\" ),\n\t\t\tmethod, value;\n\n\t\tfor ( method in $.validator.methods ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Support for in both html5 and older browsers\n\t\t\tif ( method === \"required\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = element.getAttribute( method );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Some browsers return an empty string for the required attribute\n\t\t\t\t// and non-HTML5 browsers might have required=\"\" markup\n\t\t\t\tif ( value === \"\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue = true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Force non-HTML5 browsers to return bool\n\t\t\t\tvalue = !!value;\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = $element.attr( method );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tthis.normalizeAttributeRule( rules, type, method, value );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// 'maxlength' may be returned as -1, 2147483647 ( IE ) and 524288 ( safari ) for text inputs\n\t\tif ( rules.maxlength && /-1|2147483647|524288/.test( rules.maxlength ) ) {\n\t\t\tdelete rules.maxlength;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn rules;\n\t},\n\n\tdataRules: function( element ) {\n\t\tvar rules = {},\n\t\t\t$element = $( element ),\n\t\t\ttype = element.getAttribute( \"type\" ),\n\t\t\tmethod, value;\n\n\t\tfor ( method in $.validator.methods ) {\n\t\t\tvalue = $element.data( \"rule\" + method.charAt( 0 ).toUpperCase() + method.substring( 1 ).toLowerCase() );\n\n\t\t\t// Cast empty attributes like `data-rule-required` to `true`\n\t\t\tif ( value === \"\" ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = true;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tthis.normalizeAttributeRule( rules, type, method, value );\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn rules;\n\t},\n\n\tstaticRules: function( element ) {\n\t\tvar rules = {},\n\t\t\tvalidator = $.data( element.form, \"validator\" );\n\n\t\tif ( validator.settings.rules ) {\n\t\t\trules = $.validator.normalizeRule( validator.settings.rules[ element.name ] ) || {};\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn rules;\n\t},\n\n\tnormalizeRules: function( rules, element ) {\n\n\t\t// Handle dependency check\n\t\t$.each( rules, function( prop, val ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Ignore rule when param is explicitly false, eg. required:false\n\t\t\tif ( val === false ) {\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules[ prop ];\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( val.param || val.depends ) {\n\t\t\t\tvar keepRule = true;\n\t\t\t\tswitch ( typeof val.depends ) {\n\t\t\t\tcase \"string\":\n\t\t\t\t\tkeepRule = !!$( val.depends, element.form ).length;\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase \"function\":\n\t\t\t\t\tkeepRule = val.depends.call( element, element );\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif ( keepRule ) {\n\t\t\t\t\trules[ prop ] = val.param !== undefined ? val.param : true;\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t$.data( element.form, \"validator\" ).resetElements( $( element ) );\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete rules[ prop ];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Evaluate parameters\n\t\t$.each( rules, function( rule, parameter ) {\n\t\t\trules[ rule ] = typeof parameter === \"function\" && rule !== \"normalizer\" ? parameter( element ) : parameter;\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Clean number parameters\n\t\t$.each( [ \"minlength\", \"maxlength\" ], function() {\n\t\t\tif ( rules[ this ] ) {\n\t\t\t\trules[ this ] = Number( rules[ this ] );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\t\t$.each( [ \"rangelength\", \"range\" ], function() {\n\t\t\tvar parts;\n\t\t\tif ( rules[ this ] ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( Array.isArray( rules[ this ] ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\trules[ this ] = [ Number( rules[ this ][ 0 ] ), Number( rules[ this ][ 1 ] ) ];\n\t\t\t\t} else if ( typeof rules[ this ] === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tparts = rules[ this ].replace( /[\\[\\]]/g, \"\" ).split( /[\\s,]+/ );\n\t\t\t\t\trules[ this ] = [ Number( parts[ 0 ] ), Number( parts[ 1 ] ) ];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\tif ( $.validator.autoCreateRanges ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Auto-create ranges\n\t\t\tif ( rules.min != null && rules.max != null ) {\n\t\t\t\trules.range = [ rules.min, rules.max ];\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules.min;\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules.max;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( rules.minlength != null && rules.maxlength != null ) {\n\t\t\t\trules.rangelength = [ rules.minlength, rules.maxlength ];\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules.minlength;\n\t\t\t\tdelete rules.maxlength;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn rules;\n\t},\n\n\t// Converts a simple string to a {string: true} rule, e.g., \"required\" to {required:true}\n\tnormalizeRule: function( data ) {\n\t\tif ( typeof data === \"string\" ) {\n\t\t\tvar transformed = {};\n\t\t\t$.each( data.split( /\\s/ ), function() {\n\t\t\t\ttransformed[ this ] = true;\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\tdata = transformed;\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn data;\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/jQuery.validator.addMethod/\n\taddMethod: function( name, method, message ) {\n\t\t$.validator.methods[ name ] = method;\n\t\t$.validator.messages[ name ] = message !== undefined ? message : $.validator.messages[ name ];\n\t\tif ( method.length < 3 ) {\n\t\t\t$.validator.addClassRules( name, $.validator.normalizeRule( name ) );\n\t\t}\n\t},\n\n\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/jQuery.validator.methods/\n\tmethods: {\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/required-method/\n\t\trequired: function( value, element, param ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Check if dependency is met\n\t\t\tif ( !this.depend( param, element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn \"dependency-mismatch\";\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( element.nodeName.toLowerCase() === \"select\" ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Could be an array for select-multiple or a string, both are fine this way\n\t\t\t\tvar val = $( element ).val();\n\t\t\t\treturn val && val.length > 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif ( this.checkable( element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn this.getLength( value, element ) > 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn value !== undefined && value !== null && value.length > 0;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/email-method/\n\t\temail: function( value, element ) {\n\n\t\t\t// From https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#valid-e-mail-address\n\t\t\t// Retrieved 2014-01-14\n\t\t\t// If you have a problem with this implementation, report a bug against the above spec\n\t\t\t// Or use custom methods to implement your own email validation\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || /^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\\/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/.test( value );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/url-method/\n\t\turl: function( value, element ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Copyright (c) 2010-2013 Diego Perini, MIT licensed\n\t\t\t// https://gist.github.com/dperini/729294\n\t\t\t// see also https://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex\n\t\t\t// modified to allow protocol-relative URLs\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || /^(?:(?:(?:https?|ftp):)?\\/\\/)(?:(?:[^\\]\\[?\\/<~#`!@$^&*()+=}|:\";',>{ ]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+(?::(?:[^\\]\\[?\\/<~#`!@$^&*()+=}|:\";',>{ ]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)?@)?(?:(?!(?:10|127)(?:\\.\\d{1,3}){3})(?!(?:169\\.254|192\\.168)(?:\\.\\d{1,3}){2})(?!172\\.(?:1[6-9]|2\\d|3[0-1])(?:\\.\\d{1,3}){2})(?:[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d|2[01]\\d|22[0-3])(?:\\.(?:1?\\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\\.(?:[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-4]))|(?:(?:[a-z0-9\\u00a1-\\uffff][a-z0-9\\u00a1-\\uffff_-]{0,62})?[a-z0-9\\u00a1-\\uffff]\\.)+(?:[a-z\\u00a1-\\uffff]{2,}\\.?))(?::\\d{2,5})?(?:[/?#]\\S*)?$/i.test( value );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/date-method/\n\t\tdate: ( function() {\n\t\t\tvar called = false;\n\n\t\t\treturn function( value, element ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( !called ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tcalled = true;\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( this.settings.debug && window.console ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconsole.warn(\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The `date` method is deprecated and will be removed in version '2.0.0'.\\n\" +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Please don't use it, since it relies on the Date constructor, which\\n\" +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"behaves very differently across browsers and locales. Use `dateISO`\\n\" +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"instead or one of the locale specific methods in `localizations/`\\n\" +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"and `additional-methods.js`.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t);\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || !/Invalid|NaN/.test( new Date( value ).toString() );\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}() ),\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/dateISO-method/\n\t\tdateISO: function( value, element ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || /^\\d{4}[\\/\\-](0?[1-9]|1[012])[\\/\\-](0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$/.test( value );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/number-method/\n\t\tnumber: function( value, element ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || /^(?:-?\\d+|-?\\d{1,3}(?:,\\d{3})+)?(?:-?\\.\\d+)?$/.test( value );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/digits-method/\n\t\tdigits: function( value, element ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || /^\\d+$/.test( value );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/minlength-method/\n\t\tminlength: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\tvar length = Array.isArray( value ) ? value.length : this.getLength( value, element );\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || length >= param;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/maxlength-method/\n\t\tmaxlength: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\tvar length = Array.isArray( value ) ? value.length : this.getLength( value, element );\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || length <= param;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/rangelength-method/\n\t\trangelength: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\tvar length = Array.isArray( value ) ? value.length : this.getLength( value, element );\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || ( length >= param[ 0 ] && length <= param[ 1 ] );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/min-method/\n\t\tmin: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || value >= param;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/max-method/\n\t\tmax: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || value <= param;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/range-method/\n\t\trange: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || ( value >= param[ 0 ] && value <= param[ 1 ] );\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/step-method/\n\t\tstep: function( value, element, param ) {\n\t\t\tvar type = $( element ).attr( \"type\" ),\n\t\t\t\terrorMessage = \"Step attribute on input type \" + type + \" is not supported.\",\n\t\t\t\tsupportedTypes = [ \"text\", \"number\", \"range\" ],\n\t\t\t\tre = new RegExp( \"\\\\b\" + type + \"\\\\b\" ),\n\t\t\t\tnotSupported = type && !re.test( supportedTypes.join() ),\n\t\t\t\tdecimalPlaces = function( num ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar match = ( \"\" + num ).match( /(?:\\.(\\d+))?$/ );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( !match ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Number of digits right of decimal point.\n\t\t\t\t\treturn match[ 1 ] ? match[ 1 ].length : 0;\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\ttoInt = function( num ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn Math.round( num * Math.pow( 10, decimals ) );\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\tvalid = true,\n\t\t\t\tdecimals;\n\n\t\t\t// Works only for text, number and range input types\n\t\t\t// TODO find a way to support input types date, datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week\n\t\t\tif ( notSupported ) {\n\t\t\t\tthrow new Error( errorMessage );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tdecimals = decimalPlaces( param );\n\n\t\t\t// Value can't have too many decimals\n\t\t\tif ( decimalPlaces( value ) > decimals || toInt( value ) % toInt( param ) !== 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalid = false;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn this.optional( element ) || valid;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/equalTo-method/\n\t\tequalTo: function( value, element, param ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Bind to the blur event of the target in order to revalidate whenever the target field is updated\n\t\t\tvar target = $( param );\n\t\t\tif ( this.settings.onfocusout && target.not( \".validate-equalTo-blur\" ).length ) {\n\t\t\t\ttarget.addClass( \"validate-equalTo-blur\" ).on( \"blur.validate-equalTo\", function() {\n\t\t\t\t\t$( element ).valid();\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn value === target.val();\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// https://jqueryvalidation.org/remote-method/\n\t\tremote: function( value, element, param, method ) {\n\t\t\tif ( this.optional( element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn \"dependency-mismatch\";\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tmethod = typeof method === \"string\" && method || \"remote\";\n\n\t\t\tvar previous = this.previousValue( element, method ),\n\t\t\t\tvalidator, data, optionDataString;\n\n\t\t\tif ( !this.settings.messages[ element.name ] ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.settings.messages[ element.name ] = {};\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tprevious.originalMessage = previous.originalMessage || this.settings.messages[ element.name ][ method ];\n\t\t\tthis.settings.messages[ element.name ][ method ] = previous.message;\n\n\t\t\tparam = typeof param === \"string\" && { url: param } || param;\n\t\t\toptionDataString = $.param( $.extend( { data: value }, param.data ) );\n\t\t\tif ( previous.valid !== null && previous.old === optionDataString ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn previous.valid;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tprevious.old = optionDataString;\n\t\t\tprevious.valid = null;\n\t\t\tvalidator = this;\n\t\t\tthis.startRequest( element );\n\t\t\tdata = {};\n\t\t\tdata[ element.name ] = value;\n\t\t\t$.ajax( $.extend( true, {\n\t\t\t\tmode: \"abort\",\n\t\t\t\tport: this.elementAjaxPort( element ),\n\t\t\t\tdataType: \"json\",\n\t\t\t\tdata: data,\n\t\t\t\tcontext: validator.currentForm,\n\t\t\t\tsuccess: function( response ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar valid = response === true || response === \"true\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\terrors, message, submitted;\n\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.settings.messages[ element.name ][ method ] = previous.originalMessage;\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( valid ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsubmitted = validator.formSubmitted;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.toHide = validator.errorsFor( element );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.formSubmitted = submitted;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.successList.push( element );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.invalid[ element.name ] = false;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.showErrors();\n\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\terrors = {};\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmessage = response || validator.defaultMessage( element, { method: method, parameters: value } );\n\t\t\t\t\t\terrors[ element.name ] = previous.message = message;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.invalid[ element.name ] = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.showErrors( errors );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tprevious.valid = valid;\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidator.stopRequest( element, valid );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}, param ) );\n\t\t\treturn \"pending\";\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n} );\n\n// Ajax mode: abort\n// usage: $.ajax({ mode: \"abort\"[, port: \"uniqueport\"]});\n// $.ajaxAbort( port );\n// if mode:\"abort\" is used, the previous request on that port (port can be undefined) is aborted via XMLHttpRequest.abort()\n\nvar pendingRequests = {},\n\tajax;\n\n// Use a prefilter if available (1.5+)\nif ( $.ajaxPrefilter ) {\n\t$.ajaxPrefilter( function( settings, _, xhr ) {\n\t\tvar port = settings.port;\n\t\tif ( settings.mode === \"abort\" ) {\n\t\t\t$.ajaxAbort( port );\n\t\t\tpendingRequests[ port ] = xhr;\n\t\t}\n\t} );\n} else {\n\n\t// Proxy ajax\n\tajax = $.ajax;\n\t$.ajax = function( settings ) {\n\t\tvar mode = ( \"mode\" in settings ? settings : $.ajaxSettings ).mode,\n\t\t\tport = ( \"port\" in settings ? settings : $.ajaxSettings ).port;\n\t\tif ( mode === \"abort\" ) {\n\t\t\t$.ajaxAbort( port );\n\t\t\tpendingRequests[ port ] = ajax.apply( this, arguments );\n\t\t\treturn pendingRequests[ port ];\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn ajax.apply( this, arguments );\n\t};\n}\n\n// Abort the previous request without sending a new one\n$.ajaxAbort = function( port ) {\n\tif ( pendingRequests[ port ] ) {\n\t\tpendingRequests[ port ].abort();\n\t\tdelete pendingRequests[ port ];\n\t}\n};\nreturn $;\n}));","/**\n * @license\n * Lo-Dash 2.4.1 \n * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation \n * Based on Underscore.js 1.5.2 \n * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors\n * Available under MIT license \n */\n;(function() {\n\n /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */\n var undefined;\n\n /** Used to pool arrays and objects used internally */\n var arrayPool = [],\n objectPool = [];\n\n /** Used to generate unique IDs */\n var idCounter = 0;\n\n /** Used internally to indicate various things */\n var indicatorObject = {};\n\n /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */\n var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';\n\n /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */\n var largeArraySize = 75;\n\n /** Used as the max size of the `arrayPool` and `objectPool` */\n var maxPoolSize = 40;\n\n /** Used to detect and test whitespace */\n var whitespace = (\n // whitespace\n ' \\t\\x0B\\f\\xA0\\ufeff' +\n\n // line terminators\n '\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029' +\n\n // unicode category \"Zs\" space separators\n '\\u1680\\u180e\\u2000\\u2001\\u2002\\u2003\\u2004\\u2005\\u2006\\u2007\\u2008\\u2009\\u200a\\u202f\\u205f\\u3000'\n );\n\n /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */\n var reEmptyStringLeading = /\\b__p \\+= '';/g,\n reEmptyStringMiddle = /\\b(__p \\+=) '' \\+/g,\n reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\\(.*?\\)|\\b__t\\)) \\+\\n'';/g;\n\n /**\n * Used to match ES6 template delimiters\n * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-string-literals\n */\n var reEsTemplate = /\\$\\{([^\\\\}]*(?:\\\\.[^\\\\}]*)*)\\}/g;\n\n /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */\n var reFlags = /\\w*$/;\n\n /** Used to detected named functions */\n var reFuncName = /^\\s*function[ \\n\\r\\t]+\\w/;\n\n /** Used to match \"interpolate\" template delimiters */\n var reInterpolate = /<%=([\\s\\S]+?)%>/g;\n\n /** Used to match leading whitespace and zeros to be removed */\n var reLeadingSpacesAndZeros = RegExp('^[' + whitespace + ']*0+(?=.$)');\n\n /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */\n var reNoMatch = /($^)/;\n\n /** Used to detect functions containing a `this` reference */\n var reThis = /\\bthis\\b/;\n\n /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */\n var reUnescapedString = /['\\n\\r\\t\\u2028\\u2029\\\\]/g;\n\n /** Used to assign default `context` object properties */\n var contextProps = [\n 'Array', 'Boolean', 'Date', 'Error', 'Function', 'Math', 'Number', 'Object',\n 'RegExp', 'String', '_', 'attachEvent', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'isNaN',\n 'parseInt', 'setTimeout'\n ];\n\n /** Used to fix the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug */\n var shadowedProps = [\n 'constructor', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable',\n 'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'valueOf'\n ];\n\n /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */\n var templateCounter = 0;\n\n /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */\n var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',\n arrayClass = '[object Array]',\n boolClass = '[object Boolean]',\n dateClass = '[object Date]',\n errorClass = '[object Error]',\n funcClass = '[object Function]',\n numberClass = '[object Number]',\n objectClass = '[object Object]',\n regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',\n stringClass = '[object String]';\n\n /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */\n var cloneableClasses = {};\n cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;\n cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[arrayClass] =\n cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =\n cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] =\n cloneableClasses[regexpClass] = cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;\n\n /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object */\n var debounceOptions = {\n 'leading': false,\n 'maxWait': 0,\n 'trailing': false\n };\n\n /** Used as the property descriptor for `__bindData__` */\n var descriptor = {\n 'configurable': false,\n 'enumerable': false,\n 'value': null,\n 'writable': false\n };\n\n /** Used as the data object for `iteratorTemplate` */\n var iteratorData = {\n 'args': '',\n 'array': null,\n 'bottom': '',\n 'firstArg': '',\n 'init': '',\n 'keys': null,\n 'loop': '',\n 'shadowedProps': null,\n 'support': null,\n 'top': '',\n 'useHas': false\n };\n\n /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */\n var objectTypes = {\n 'boolean': false,\n 'function': true,\n 'object': true,\n 'number': false,\n 'string': false,\n 'undefined': false\n };\n\n /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */\n var stringEscapes = {\n '\\\\': '\\\\',\n \"'\": \"'\",\n '\\n': 'n',\n '\\r': 'r',\n '\\t': 't',\n '\\u2028': 'u2028',\n '\\u2029': 'u2029'\n };\n\n /** Used as a reference to the global object */\n var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;\n\n /** Detect free variable `exports` */\n var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;\n\n /** Detect free variable `module` */\n var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;\n\n /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */\n var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;\n\n /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */\n var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;\n if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {\n root = freeGlobal;\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches\n * or `fromIndex` constraints.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to search.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.\n */\n function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n if (array[index] === value) {\n return index;\n }\n }\n return -1;\n }\n\n /**\n * An implementation of `_.contains` for cache objects that mimics the return\n * signature of `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} cache The cache object to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.\n */\n function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {\n var type = typeof value;\n cache = cache.cache;\n\n if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {\n return cache[value] ? 0 : -1;\n }\n if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {\n type = 'object';\n }\n var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value;\n cache = (cache = cache[type]) && cache[key];\n\n return type == 'object'\n ? (cache && baseIndexOf(cache, value) > -1 ? 0 : -1)\n : (cache ? 0 : -1);\n }\n\n /**\n * Adds a given value to the corresponding cache object.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to add to the cache.\n */\n function cachePush(value) {\n var cache = this.cache,\n type = typeof value;\n\n if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {\n cache[value] = true;\n } else {\n if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {\n type = 'object';\n }\n var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value,\n typeCache = cache[type] || (cache[type] = {});\n\n if (type == 'object') {\n (typeCache[key] || (typeCache[key] = [])).push(value);\n } else {\n typeCache[key] = true;\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback when a given\n * collection is a string value.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} value The character to inspect.\n * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of given character.\n */\n function charAtCallback(value) {\n return value.charCodeAt(0);\n }\n\n /**\n * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` elements, stable sorting\n * them in ascending order.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.\n * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.\n * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.\n */\n function compareAscending(a, b) {\n var ac = a.criteria,\n bc = b.criteria,\n index = -1,\n length = ac.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = ac[index],\n other = bc[index];\n\n if (value !== other) {\n if (value > other || typeof value == 'undefined') {\n return 1;\n }\n if (value < other || typeof other == 'undefined') {\n return -1;\n }\n }\n }\n // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications\n // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to return the same value for\n // `a` and `b`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247\n //\n // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.\n // See http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90\n return a.index - b.index;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to search.\n * @returns {null|Object} Returns the cache object or `null` if caching should not be used.\n */\n function createCache(array) {\n var index = -1,\n length = array.length,\n first = array[0],\n mid = array[(length / 2) | 0],\n last = array[length - 1];\n\n if (first && typeof first == 'object' &&\n mid && typeof mid == 'object' && last && typeof last == 'object') {\n return false;\n }\n var cache = getObject();\n cache['false'] = cache['null'] = cache['true'] = cache['undefined'] = false;\n\n var result = getObject();\n result.array = array;\n result.cache = cache;\n result.push = cachePush;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n result.push(array[index]);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled\n * string literals.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.\n * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.\n */\n function escapeStringChar(match) {\n return '\\\\' + stringEscapes[match];\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets an array from the array pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.\n *\n * @private\n * @returns {Array} The array from the pool.\n */\n function getArray() {\n return arrayPool.pop() || [];\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets an object from the object pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.\n *\n * @private\n * @returns {Object} The object from the pool.\n */\n function getObject() {\n return objectPool.pop() || {\n 'array': null,\n 'cache': null,\n 'criteria': null,\n 'false': false,\n 'index': 0,\n 'null': false,\n 'number': null,\n 'object': null,\n 'push': null,\n 'string': null,\n 'true': false,\n 'undefined': false,\n 'value': null\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a DOM node in IE < 9.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM node, else `false`.\n */\n function isNode(value) {\n // IE < 9 presents DOM nodes as `Object` objects except they have `toString`\n // methods that are `typeof` \"string\" and still can coerce nodes to strings\n return typeof value.toString != 'function' && typeof (value + '') == 'string';\n }\n\n /**\n * Releases the given array back to the array pool.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to release.\n */\n function releaseArray(array) {\n array.length = 0;\n if (arrayPool.length < maxPoolSize) {\n arrayPool.push(array);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Releases the given object back to the object pool.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to release.\n */\n function releaseObject(object) {\n var cache = object.cache;\n if (cache) {\n releaseObject(cache);\n }\n object.array = object.cache = object.criteria = object.object = object.number = object.string = object.value = null;\n if (objectPool.length < maxPoolSize) {\n objectPool.push(object);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Slices the `collection` from the `start` index up to, but not including,\n * the `end` index.\n *\n * Note: This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node lists\n * in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to slice.\n * @param {number} start The start index.\n * @param {number} end The end index.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new array.\n */\n function slice(array, start, end) {\n start || (start = 0);\n if (typeof end == 'undefined') {\n end = array ? array.length : 0;\n }\n var index = -1,\n length = end - start || 0,\n result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);\n\n while (++index < length) {\n result[index] = array[start + index];\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Create a new `lodash` function using the given context object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.\n */\n function runInContext(context) {\n // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named\n // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.\n // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.\n // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.\n context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;\n\n /** Native constructor references */\n var Array = context.Array,\n Boolean = context.Boolean,\n Date = context.Date,\n Error = context.Error,\n Function = context.Function,\n Math = context.Math,\n Number = context.Number,\n Object = context.Object,\n RegExp = context.RegExp,\n String = context.String,\n TypeError = context.TypeError;\n\n /**\n * Used for `Array` method references.\n *\n * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal\n * avoids issues in Narwhal.\n */\n var arrayRef = [];\n\n /** Used for native method references */\n var errorProto = Error.prototype,\n objectProto = Object.prototype,\n stringProto = String.prototype;\n\n /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */\n var oldDash = context._;\n\n /** Used to resolve the internal [[Class]] of values */\n var toString = objectProto.toString;\n\n /** Used to detect if a method is native */\n var reNative = RegExp('^' +\n String(toString)\n .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\$&')\n .replace(/toString| for [^\\]]+/g, '.*?') + '$'\n );\n\n /** Native method shortcuts */\n var ceil = Math.ceil,\n clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,\n floor = Math.floor,\n fnToString = Function.prototype.toString,\n getPrototypeOf = isNative(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,\n hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,\n push = arrayRef.push,\n propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,\n setTimeout = context.setTimeout,\n splice = arrayRef.splice,\n unshift = arrayRef.unshift;\n\n /** Used to set meta data on functions */\n var defineProperty = (function() {\n // IE 8 only accepts DOM elements\n try {\n var o = {},\n func = isNative(func = Object.defineProperty) && func,\n result = func(o, o, o) && func;\n } catch(e) { }\n return result;\n }());\n\n /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */\n var nativeCreate = isNative(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,\n nativeIsArray = isNative(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,\n nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,\n nativeIsNaN = context.isNaN,\n nativeKeys = isNative(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,\n nativeMax = Math.max,\n nativeMin = Math.min,\n nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,\n nativeRandom = Math.random;\n\n /** Used to lookup a built-in constructor by [[Class]] */\n var ctorByClass = {};\n ctorByClass[arrayClass] = Array;\n ctorByClass[boolClass] = Boolean;\n ctorByClass[dateClass] = Date;\n ctorByClass[funcClass] = Function;\n ctorByClass[objectClass] = Object;\n ctorByClass[numberClass] = Number;\n ctorByClass[regexpClass] = RegExp;\n ctorByClass[stringClass] = String;\n\n /** Used to avoid iterating non-enumerable properties in IE < 9 */\n var nonEnumProps = {};\n nonEnumProps[arrayClass] = nonEnumProps[dateClass] = nonEnumProps[numberClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toLocaleString': true, 'toString': true, 'valueOf': true };\n nonEnumProps[boolClass] = nonEnumProps[stringClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toString': true, 'valueOf': true };\n nonEnumProps[errorClass] = nonEnumProps[funcClass] = nonEnumProps[regexpClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toString': true };\n nonEnumProps[objectClass] = { 'constructor': true };\n\n (function() {\n var length = shadowedProps.length;\n while (length--) {\n var key = shadowedProps[length];\n for (var className in nonEnumProps) {\n if (hasOwnProperty.call(nonEnumProps, className) && !hasOwnProperty.call(nonEnumProps[className], key)) {\n nonEnumProps[className][key] = false;\n }\n }\n }\n }());\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps the given value to enable intuitive\n * method chaining.\n *\n * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:\n * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,\n * and `unshift`\n *\n * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is\n * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.\n *\n * The chainable wrapper functions are:\n * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,\n * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `create`, `createCallback`, `curry`,\n * `debounce`, `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`,\n * `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`,\n * `functions`, `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,\n * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,\n * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `pull`, `push`,\n * `range`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`,\n * `sortBy`, `splice`, `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`,\n * `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`,\n * and `zip`\n *\n * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:\n * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,\n * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `has`, `identity`,\n * `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,\n * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,\n * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `join`,\n * `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,\n * `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`,\n * `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`\n *\n * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is\n * provided, otherwise they return unwrapped values.\n *\n * Explicit chaining can be enabled by using the `_.chain` method.\n *\n * @name _\n * @constructor\n * @category Chaining\n * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.\n * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.\n * @example\n *\n * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);\n *\n * // returns an unwrapped value\n * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {\n * return sum + num;\n * });\n * // => 6\n *\n * // returns a wrapped value\n * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {\n * return num * num;\n * });\n *\n * _.isArray(squares);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray(squares.value());\n * // => true\n */\n function lodash(value) {\n // don't wrap if already wrapped, even if wrapped by a different `lodash` constructor\n return (value && typeof value == 'object' && !isArray(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__'))\n ? value\n : new lodashWrapper(value);\n }\n\n /**\n * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.\n * @param {boolean} chainAll A flag to enable chaining for all methods\n * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.\n */\n function lodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {\n this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;\n this.__wrapped__ = value;\n }\n // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`\n lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;\n\n /**\n * An object used to flag environments features.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Object\n */\n var support = lodash.support = {};\n\n (function() {\n var ctor = function() { this.x = 1; },\n object = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 },\n props = [];\n\n ctor.prototype = { 'valueOf': 1, 'y': 1 };\n for (var key in new ctor) { props.push(key); }\n for (key in arguments) { }\n\n /**\n * Detect if an `arguments` object's [[Class]] is resolvable (all but Firefox < 4, IE < 9).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.argsClass = toString.call(arguments) == argsClass;\n\n /**\n * Detect if `arguments` objects are `Object` objects (all but Narwhal and Opera < 10.5).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.argsObject = arguments.constructor == Object && !(arguments instanceof Array);\n\n /**\n * Detect if `name` or `message` properties of `Error.prototype` are\n * enumerable by default. (IE < 9, Safari < 5.1)\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.enumErrorProps = propertyIsEnumerable.call(errorProto, 'message') || propertyIsEnumerable.call(errorProto, 'name');\n\n /**\n * Detect if `prototype` properties are enumerable by default.\n *\n * Firefox < 3.6, Opera > 9.50 - Opera < 11.60, and Safari < 5.1\n * (if the prototype or a property on the prototype has been set)\n * incorrectly sets a function's `prototype` property [[Enumerable]]\n * value to `true`.\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.enumPrototypes = propertyIsEnumerable.call(ctor, 'prototype');\n\n /**\n * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`\n * (all but PS3 and older Opera mobile browsers & avoided in Windows 8 apps).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.funcDecomp = !isNative(context.WinRTError) && reThis.test(runInContext);\n\n /**\n * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';\n\n /**\n * Detect if `arguments` object indexes are non-enumerable\n * (Firefox < 4, IE < 9, PhantomJS, Safari < 5.1).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.nonEnumArgs = key != 0;\n\n /**\n * Detect if properties shadowing those on `Object.prototype` are non-enumerable.\n *\n * In IE < 9 an objects own properties, shadowing non-enumerable ones, are\n * made non-enumerable as well (a.k.a the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.nonEnumShadows = !/valueOf/.test(props);\n\n /**\n * Detect if own properties are iterated after inherited properties (all but IE < 9).\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.ownLast = props[0] != 'x';\n\n /**\n * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects correctly.\n *\n * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`\n * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,\n * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.\n * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`\n * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.spliceObjects = (arrayRef.splice.call(object, 0, 1), !object[0]);\n\n /**\n * Detect lack of support for accessing string characters by index.\n *\n * IE < 8 can't access characters by index and IE 8 can only access\n * characters by index on string literals.\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n support.unindexedChars = ('x'[0] + Object('x')[0]) != 'xx';\n\n /**\n * Detect if a DOM node's [[Class]] is resolvable (all but IE < 9)\n * and that the JS engine errors when attempting to coerce an object to\n * a string without a `toString` function.\n *\n * @memberOf _.support\n * @type boolean\n */\n try {\n support.nodeClass = !(toString.call(document) == objectClass && !({ 'toString': 0 } + ''));\n } catch(e) {\n support.nodeClass = true;\n }\n }(1));\n\n /**\n * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in\n * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative\n * delimiters.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Object\n */\n lodash.templateSettings = {\n\n /**\n * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings\n * @type RegExp\n */\n 'escape': /<%-([\\s\\S]+?)%>/g,\n\n /**\n * Used to detect code to be evaluated.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings\n * @type RegExp\n */\n 'evaluate': /<%([\\s\\S]+?)%>/g,\n\n /**\n * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings\n * @type RegExp\n */\n 'interpolate': reInterpolate,\n\n /**\n * Used to reference the data object in the template text.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings\n * @type string\n */\n 'variable': '',\n\n /**\n * Used to import variables into the compiled template.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings\n * @type Object\n */\n 'imports': {\n\n /**\n * A reference to the `lodash` function.\n *\n * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports\n * @type Function\n */\n '_': lodash\n }\n };\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * The template used to create iterator functions.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.\n * @returns {string} Returns the interpolated text.\n */\n var iteratorTemplate = template(\n // the `iterable` may be reassigned by the `top` snippet\n 'var index, iterable = <%= firstArg %>, ' +\n // assign the `result` variable an initial value\n 'result = <%= init %>;\\n' +\n // exit early if the first argument is falsey\n 'if (!iterable) return result;\\n' +\n // add code before the iteration branches\n '<%= top %>;' +\n\n // array-like iteration:\n '<% if (array) { %>\\n' +\n 'var length = iterable.length; index = -1;\\n' +\n 'if (<%= array %>) {' +\n\n // add support for accessing string characters by index if needed\n ' <% if (support.unindexedChars) { %>\\n' +\n ' if (isString(iterable)) {\\n' +\n \" iterable = iterable.split('')\\n\" +\n ' }' +\n ' <% } %>\\n' +\n\n // iterate over the array-like value\n ' while (++index < length) {\\n' +\n ' <%= loop %>;\\n' +\n ' }\\n' +\n '}\\n' +\n 'else {' +\n\n // object iteration:\n // add support for iterating over `arguments` objects if needed\n ' <% } else if (support.nonEnumArgs) { %>\\n' +\n ' var length = iterable.length; index = -1;\\n' +\n ' if (length && isArguments(iterable)) {\\n' +\n ' while (++index < length) {\\n' +\n \" index += '';\\n\" +\n ' <%= loop %>;\\n' +\n ' }\\n' +\n ' } else {' +\n ' <% } %>' +\n\n // avoid iterating over `prototype` properties in older Firefox, Opera, and Safari\n ' <% if (support.enumPrototypes) { %>\\n' +\n \" var skipProto = typeof iterable == 'function';\\n\" +\n ' <% } %>' +\n\n // avoid iterating over `Error.prototype` properties in older IE and Safari\n ' <% if (support.enumErrorProps) { %>\\n' +\n ' var skipErrorProps = iterable === errorProto || iterable instanceof Error;\\n' +\n ' <% } %>' +\n\n // define conditions used in the loop\n ' <%' +\n ' var conditions = [];' +\n ' if (support.enumPrototypes) { conditions.push(\\'!(skipProto && index == \"prototype\")\\'); }' +\n ' if (support.enumErrorProps) { conditions.push(\\'!(skipErrorProps && (index == \"message\" || index == \"name\"))\\'); }' +\n ' %>' +\n\n // iterate own properties using `Object.keys`\n ' <% if (useHas && keys) { %>\\n' +\n ' var ownIndex = -1,\\n' +\n ' ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),\\n' +\n ' length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;\\n\\n' +\n ' while (++ownIndex < length) {\\n' +\n ' index = ownProps[ownIndex];\\n<%' +\n \" if (conditions.length) { %> if (<%= conditions.join(' && ') %>) {\\n <% } %>\" +\n ' <%= loop %>;' +\n ' <% if (conditions.length) { %>\\n }<% } %>\\n' +\n ' }' +\n\n // else using a for-in loop\n ' <% } else { %>\\n' +\n ' for (index in iterable) {\\n<%' +\n ' if (useHas) { conditions.push(\"hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)\"); }' +\n \" if (conditions.length) { %> if (<%= conditions.join(' && ') %>) {\\n <% } %>\" +\n ' <%= loop %>;' +\n ' <% if (conditions.length) { %>\\n }<% } %>\\n' +\n ' }' +\n\n // Because IE < 9 can't set the `[[Enumerable]]` attribute of an\n // existing property and the `constructor` property of a prototype\n // defaults to non-enumerable, Lo-Dash skips the `constructor`\n // property when it infers it's iterating over a `prototype` object.\n ' <% if (support.nonEnumShadows) { %>\\n\\n' +\n ' if (iterable !== objectProto) {\\n' +\n \" var ctor = iterable.constructor,\\n\" +\n ' isProto = iterable === (ctor && ctor.prototype),\\n' +\n ' className = iterable === stringProto ? stringClass : iterable === errorProto ? errorClass : toString.call(iterable),\\n' +\n ' nonEnum = nonEnumProps[className];\\n' +\n ' <% for (k = 0; k < 7; k++) { %>\\n' +\n \" index = '<%= shadowedProps[k] %>';\\n\" +\n ' if ((!(isProto && nonEnum[index]) && hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index))<%' +\n ' if (!useHas) { %> || (!nonEnum[index] && iterable[index] !== objectProto[index])<% }' +\n ' %>) {\\n' +\n ' <%= loop %>;\\n' +\n ' }' +\n ' <% } %>\\n' +\n ' }' +\n ' <% } %>' +\n ' <% } %>' +\n ' <% if (array || support.nonEnumArgs) { %>\\n}<% } %>\\n' +\n\n // add code to the bottom of the iteration function\n '<%= bottom %>;\\n' +\n // finally, return the `result`\n 'return result'\n );\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.bind` that creates the bound function and\n * sets its meta data.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.\n */\n function baseBind(bindData) {\n var func = bindData[0],\n partialArgs = bindData[2],\n thisArg = bindData[4];\n\n function bound() {\n // `Function#bind` spec\n // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.5\n if (partialArgs) {\n // avoid `arguments` object deoptimizations by using `slice` instead\n // of `Array.prototype.slice.call` and not assigning `arguments` to a\n // variable as a ternary expression\n var args = slice(partialArgs);\n push.apply(args, arguments);\n }\n // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior\n // http://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2\n if (this instanceof bound) {\n // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`\n var thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype),\n result = func.apply(thisBinding, args || arguments);\n return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;\n }\n return func.apply(thisArg, args || arguments);\n }\n setBindData(bound, bindData);\n return bound;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.clone` without argument juggling or support\n * for `thisArg` binding.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to clone.\n * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.\n * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.\n * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.\n * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.\n */\n function baseClone(value, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB) {\n if (callback) {\n var result = callback(value);\n if (typeof result != 'undefined') {\n return result;\n }\n }\n // inspect [[Class]]\n var isObj = isObject(value);\n if (isObj) {\n var className = toString.call(value);\n if (!cloneableClasses[className] || (!support.nodeClass && isNode(value))) {\n return value;\n }\n var ctor = ctorByClass[className];\n switch (className) {\n case boolClass:\n case dateClass:\n return new ctor(+value);\n\n case numberClass:\n case stringClass:\n return new ctor(value);\n\n case regexpClass:\n result = ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));\n result.lastIndex = value.lastIndex;\n return result;\n }\n } else {\n return value;\n }\n var isArr = isArray(value);\n if (isDeep) {\n // check for circular references and return corresponding clone\n var initedStack = !stackA;\n stackA || (stackA = getArray());\n stackB || (stackB = getArray());\n\n var length = stackA.length;\n while (length--) {\n if (stackA[length] == value) {\n return stackB[length];\n }\n }\n result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};\n }\n else {\n result = isArr ? slice(value) : assign({}, value);\n }\n // add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`\n if (isArr) {\n if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'index')) {\n result.index = value.index;\n }\n if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'input')) {\n result.input = value.input;\n }\n }\n // exit for shallow clone\n if (!isDeep) {\n return result;\n }\n // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects\n // and associate it with its clone\n stackA.push(value);\n stackB.push(result);\n\n // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)\n (isArr ? baseEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {\n result[key] = baseClone(objValue, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB);\n });\n\n if (initedStack) {\n releaseArray(stackA);\n releaseArray(stackB);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning\n * properties to the created object.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.\n */\n function baseCreate(prototype, properties) {\n return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};\n }\n // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`\n if (!nativeCreate) {\n baseCreate = (function() {\n function Object() {}\n return function(prototype) {\n if (isObject(prototype)) {\n Object.prototype = prototype;\n var result = new Object;\n Object.prototype = null;\n }\n return result || context.Object();\n };\n }());\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.createCallback` without support for creating\n * \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callbacks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.\n * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.\n * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.\n */\n function baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {\n if (typeof func != 'function') {\n return identity;\n }\n // exit early for no `thisArg` or already bound by `Function#bind`\n if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined' || !('prototype' in func)) {\n return func;\n }\n var bindData = func.__bindData__;\n if (typeof bindData == 'undefined') {\n if (support.funcNames) {\n bindData = !func.name;\n }\n bindData = bindData || !support.funcDecomp;\n if (!bindData) {\n var source = fnToString.call(func);\n if (!support.funcNames) {\n bindData = !reFuncName.test(source);\n }\n if (!bindData) {\n // checks if `func` references the `this` keyword and stores the result\n bindData = reThis.test(source);\n setBindData(func, bindData);\n }\n }\n }\n // exit early if there are no `this` references or `func` is bound\n if (bindData === false || (bindData !== true && bindData[1] & 1)) {\n return func;\n }\n switch (argCount) {\n case 1: return function(value) {\n return func.call(thisArg, value);\n };\n case 2: return function(a, b) {\n return func.call(thisArg, a, b);\n };\n case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {\n return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);\n };\n case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {\n return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);\n };\n }\n return bind(func, thisArg);\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `createWrapper` that creates the wrapper and\n * sets its meta data.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\n function baseCreateWrapper(bindData) {\n var func = bindData[0],\n bitmask = bindData[1],\n partialArgs = bindData[2],\n partialRightArgs = bindData[3],\n thisArg = bindData[4],\n arity = bindData[5];\n\n var isBind = bitmask & 1,\n isBindKey = bitmask & 2,\n isCurry = bitmask & 4,\n isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,\n key = func;\n\n function bound() {\n var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;\n if (partialArgs) {\n var args = slice(partialArgs);\n push.apply(args, arguments);\n }\n if (partialRightArgs || isCurry) {\n args || (args = slice(arguments));\n if (partialRightArgs) {\n push.apply(args, partialRightArgs);\n }\n if (isCurry && args.length < arity) {\n bitmask |= 16 & ~32;\n return baseCreateWrapper([func, (isCurryBound ? bitmask : bitmask & ~3), args, null, thisArg, arity]);\n }\n }\n args || (args = arguments);\n if (isBindKey) {\n func = thisBinding[key];\n }\n if (this instanceof bound) {\n thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype);\n var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);\n return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;\n }\n return func.apply(thisBinding, args);\n }\n setBindData(bound, bindData);\n return bound;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.difference` that accepts a single array\n * of values to exclude.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to process.\n * @param {Array} [values] The array of values to exclude.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.\n */\n function baseDifference(array, values) {\n var index = -1,\n indexOf = getIndexOf(),\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n isLarge = length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,\n result = [];\n\n if (isLarge) {\n var cache = createCache(values);\n if (cache) {\n indexOf = cacheIndexOf;\n values = cache;\n } else {\n isLarge = false;\n }\n }\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = array[index];\n if (indexOf(values, value) < 0) {\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n if (isLarge) {\n releaseObject(values);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.flatten` without support for callback\n * shorthands or `thisArg` binding.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.\n * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.\n * @param {boolean} [isStrict=false] A flag to restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start from.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.\n */\n function baseFlatten(array, isShallow, isStrict, fromIndex) {\n var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n result = [];\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = array[index];\n\n if (value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number'\n && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {\n // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)\n if (!isShallow) {\n value = baseFlatten(value, isShallow, isStrict);\n }\n var valIndex = -1,\n valLength = value.length,\n resIndex = result.length;\n\n result.length += valLength;\n while (++valIndex < valLength) {\n result[resIndex++] = value[valIndex];\n }\n } else if (!isStrict) {\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.isEqual`, without support for `thisArg` binding,\n * that allows partial \"_.where\" style comparisons.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} a The value to compare.\n * @param {*} b The other value to compare.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.\n * @param {Function} [isWhere=false] A flag to indicate performing partial comparisons.\n * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.\n * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\n function baseIsEqual(a, b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB) {\n // used to indicate that when comparing objects, `a` has at least the properties of `b`\n if (callback) {\n var result = callback(a, b);\n if (typeof result != 'undefined') {\n return !!result;\n }\n }\n // exit early for identical values\n if (a === b) {\n // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal\n return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);\n }\n var type = typeof a,\n otherType = typeof b;\n\n // exit early for unlike primitive values\n if (a === a &&\n !(a && objectTypes[type]) &&\n !(b && objectTypes[otherType])) {\n return false;\n }\n // exit early for `null` and `undefined` avoiding ES3's Function#call behavior\n // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.4\n if (a == null || b == null) {\n return a === b;\n }\n // compare [[Class]] names\n var className = toString.call(a),\n otherClass = toString.call(b);\n\n if (className == argsClass) {\n className = objectClass;\n }\n if (otherClass == argsClass) {\n otherClass = objectClass;\n }\n if (className != otherClass) {\n return false;\n }\n switch (className) {\n case boolClass:\n case dateClass:\n // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans\n // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal\n return +a == +b;\n\n case numberClass:\n // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal\n return (a != +a)\n ? b != +b\n // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal\n : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);\n\n case regexpClass:\n case stringClass:\n // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)\n // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal\n return a == String(b);\n }\n var isArr = className == arrayClass;\n if (!isArr) {\n // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values\n var aWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(a, '__wrapped__'),\n bWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(b, '__wrapped__');\n\n if (aWrapped || bWrapped) {\n return baseIsEqual(aWrapped ? a.__wrapped__ : a, bWrapped ? b.__wrapped__ : b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB);\n }\n // exit for functions and DOM nodes\n if (className != objectClass || (!support.nodeClass && (isNode(a) || isNode(b)))) {\n return false;\n }\n // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors\n var ctorA = !support.argsObject && isArguments(a) ? Object : a.constructor,\n ctorB = !support.argsObject && isArguments(b) ? Object : b.constructor;\n\n // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal\n if (ctorA != ctorB &&\n !(isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA && isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB) &&\n ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)\n ) {\n return false;\n }\n }\n // assume cyclic structures are equal\n // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1\n // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)\n var initedStack = !stackA;\n stackA || (stackA = getArray());\n stackB || (stackB = getArray());\n\n var length = stackA.length;\n while (length--) {\n if (stackA[length] == a) {\n return stackB[length] == b;\n }\n }\n var size = 0;\n result = true;\n\n // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects\n stackA.push(a);\n stackB.push(b);\n\n // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)\n if (isArr) {\n // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary\n length = a.length;\n size = b.length;\n result = size == length;\n\n if (result || isWhere) {\n // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties\n while (size--) {\n var index = length,\n value = b[size];\n\n if (isWhere) {\n while (index--) {\n if ((result = baseIsEqual(a[index], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {\n break;\n }\n }\n } else if (!(result = baseIsEqual(a[size], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n else {\n // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`\n // which, in this case, is more costly\n forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {\n if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {\n // count the number of properties.\n size++;\n // deep compare each property value.\n return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && baseIsEqual(a[key], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB));\n }\n });\n\n if (result && !isWhere) {\n // ensure both objects have the same number of properties\n forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {\n if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {\n // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`\n return (result = --size > -1);\n }\n });\n }\n }\n stackA.pop();\n stackB.pop();\n\n if (initedStack) {\n releaseArray(stackA);\n releaseArray(stackB);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.merge` without argument juggling or support\n * for `thisArg` binding.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The destination object.\n * @param {Object} source The source object.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.\n * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.\n * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.\n */\n function baseMerge(object, source, callback, stackA, stackB) {\n (isArray(source) ? forEach : forOwn)(source, function(source, key) {\n var found,\n isArr,\n result = source,\n value = object[key];\n\n if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {\n // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources\n var stackLength = stackA.length;\n while (stackLength--) {\n if ((found = stackA[stackLength] == source)) {\n value = stackB[stackLength];\n break;\n }\n }\n if (!found) {\n var isShallow;\n if (callback) {\n result = callback(value, source);\n if ((isShallow = typeof result != 'undefined')) {\n value = result;\n }\n }\n if (!isShallow) {\n value = isArr\n ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])\n : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});\n }\n // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects\n stackA.push(source);\n stackB.push(value);\n\n // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)\n if (!isShallow) {\n baseMerge(value, source, callback, stackA, stackB);\n }\n }\n }\n else {\n if (callback) {\n result = callback(value, source);\n if (typeof result == 'undefined') {\n result = source;\n }\n }\n if (typeof result != 'undefined') {\n value = result;\n }\n }\n object[key] = value;\n });\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.random` without argument juggling or support\n * for returning floating-point numbers.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.\n * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.\n * @returns {number} Returns a random number.\n */\n function baseRandom(min, max) {\n return min + floor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands\n * or `thisArg` binding.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to process.\n * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.\n */\n function baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback) {\n var index = -1,\n indexOf = getIndexOf(),\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n result = [];\n\n var isLarge = !isSorted && length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,\n seen = (callback || isLarge) ? getArray() : result;\n\n if (isLarge) {\n var cache = createCache(seen);\n indexOf = cacheIndexOf;\n seen = cache;\n }\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = array[index],\n computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;\n\n if (isSorted\n ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed\n : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0\n ) {\n if (callback || isLarge) {\n seen.push(computed);\n }\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n if (isLarge) {\n releaseArray(seen.array);\n releaseObject(seen);\n } else if (callback) {\n releaseArray(seen);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an object composed\n * of keys generated from the results of running each element of the collection\n * through a callback. The given `setter` function sets the keys and values\n * of the composed object.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} setter The setter function.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.\n */\n function createAggregator(setter) {\n return function(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = {};\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = collection[index];\n setter(result, value, callback(value, index, collection), collection);\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n setter(result, value, callback(value, key, collection), collection);\n });\n }\n return result;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that, when called, either curries or invokes `func`\n * with an optional `this` binding and partially applied arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of method flags to compose.\n * The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:\n * 1 - `_.bind`\n * 2 - `_.bindKey`\n * 4 - `_.curry`\n * 8 - `_.curry` (bound)\n * 16 - `_.partial`\n * 32 - `_.partialRight`\n * @param {Array} [partialArgs] An array of arguments to prepend to those\n * provided to the new function.\n * @param {Array} [partialRightArgs] An array of arguments to append to those\n * provided to the new function.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.\n * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\n function createWrapper(func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity) {\n var isBind = bitmask & 1,\n isBindKey = bitmask & 2,\n isCurry = bitmask & 4,\n isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,\n isPartial = bitmask & 16,\n isPartialRight = bitmask & 32;\n\n if (!isBindKey && !isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n if (isPartial && !partialArgs.length) {\n bitmask &= ~16;\n isPartial = partialArgs = false;\n }\n if (isPartialRight && !partialRightArgs.length) {\n bitmask &= ~32;\n isPartialRight = partialRightArgs = false;\n }\n var bindData = func && func.__bindData__;\n if (bindData && bindData !== true) {\n // clone `bindData`\n bindData = slice(bindData);\n if (bindData[2]) {\n bindData[2] = slice(bindData[2]);\n }\n if (bindData[3]) {\n bindData[3] = slice(bindData[3]);\n }\n // set `thisBinding` is not previously bound\n if (isBind && !(bindData[1] & 1)) {\n bindData[4] = thisArg;\n }\n // set if previously bound but not currently (subsequent curried functions)\n if (!isBind && bindData[1] & 1) {\n bitmask |= 8;\n }\n // set curried arity if not yet set\n if (isCurry && !(bindData[1] & 4)) {\n bindData[5] = arity;\n }\n // append partial left arguments\n if (isPartial) {\n push.apply(bindData[2] || (bindData[2] = []), partialArgs);\n }\n // append partial right arguments\n if (isPartialRight) {\n unshift.apply(bindData[3] || (bindData[3] = []), partialRightArgs);\n }\n // merge flags\n bindData[1] |= bitmask;\n return createWrapper.apply(null, bindData);\n }\n // fast path for `_.bind`\n var creater = (bitmask == 1 || bitmask === 17) ? baseBind : baseCreateWrapper;\n return creater([func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity]);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates compiled iteration functions.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {...Object} [options] The compile options object(s).\n * @param {string} [options.array] Code to determine if the iterable is an array or array-like.\n * @param {boolean} [options.useHas] Specify using `hasOwnProperty` checks in the object loop.\n * @param {Function} [options.keys] A reference to `_.keys` for use in own property iteration.\n * @param {string} [options.args] A comma separated string of iteration function arguments.\n * @param {string} [options.top] Code to execute before the iteration branches.\n * @param {string} [options.loop] Code to execute in the object loop.\n * @param {string} [options.bottom] Code to execute after the iteration branches.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled function.\n */\n function createIterator() {\n // data properties\n iteratorData.shadowedProps = shadowedProps;\n iteratorData.support = support;\n\n // iterator options\n iteratorData.array = iteratorData.bottom = iteratorData.loop = iteratorData.top = '';\n iteratorData.init = 'iterable';\n iteratorData.useHas = true;\n\n // merge options into a template data object\n for (var object, index = 0; object = arguments[index]; index++) {\n for (var key in object) {\n iteratorData[key] = object[key];\n }\n }\n var args = iteratorData.args;\n iteratorData.firstArg = /^[^,]+/.exec(args)[0];\n\n // create the function factory\n var factory = Function(\n 'baseCreateCallback, errorClass, errorProto, hasOwnProperty, ' +\n 'indicatorObject, isArguments, isArray, isString, keys, objectProto, ' +\n 'objectTypes, nonEnumProps, stringClass, stringProto, toString',\n 'return function(' + args + ') {\\n' + iteratorTemplate(iteratorData) + '\\n}'\n );\n\n // return the compiled function\n return factory(\n baseCreateCallback, errorClass, errorProto, hasOwnProperty,\n indicatorObject, isArguments, isArray, isString, iteratorData.keys, objectProto,\n objectTypes, nonEnumProps, stringClass, stringProto, toString\n );\n }\n\n /**\n * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.\n * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.\n */\n function escapeHtmlChar(match) {\n return htmlEscapes[match];\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the appropriate \"indexOf\" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is\n * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns\n * the `baseIndexOf` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @returns {Function} Returns the \"indexOf\" function.\n */\n function getIndexOf() {\n var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a native function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a native function, else `false`.\n */\n function isNative(value) {\n return typeof value == 'function' && reNative.test(value);\n }\n\n /**\n * Sets `this` binding data on a given function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to set data on.\n * @param {Array} value The data array to set.\n */\n var setBindData = !defineProperty ? noop : function(func, value) {\n descriptor.value = value;\n defineProperty(func, '__bindData__', descriptor);\n };\n\n /**\n * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` which checks if a given value\n * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created\n * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that\n * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.\n */\n function shimIsPlainObject(value) {\n var ctor,\n result;\n\n // avoid non Object objects, `arguments` objects, and DOM elements\n if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) ||\n (ctor = value.constructor, isFunction(ctor) && !(ctor instanceof ctor)) ||\n (!support.argsClass && isArguments(value)) ||\n (!support.nodeClass && isNode(value))) {\n return false;\n }\n // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first\n // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited\n // enumerable properties.\n if (support.ownLast) {\n forIn(value, function(value, key, object) {\n result = hasOwnProperty.call(object, key);\n return false;\n });\n return result !== false;\n }\n // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before\n // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's\n // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.\n forIn(value, function(value, key) {\n result = key;\n });\n return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);\n }\n\n /**\n * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} match The matched character to unescape.\n * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.\n */\n function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {\n return htmlUnescapes[match];\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => false\n */\n function isArguments(value) {\n return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&\n toString.call(value) == argsClass || false;\n }\n // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]\n if (!support.argsClass) {\n isArguments = function(value) {\n return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&\n hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') && !propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || false;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is an array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n */\n var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {\n return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&\n toString.call(value) == arrayClass || false;\n };\n\n /**\n * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the\n * given object's own enumerable property names.\n *\n * @private\n * @type Function\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.\n */\n var shimKeys = createIterator({\n 'args': 'object',\n 'init': '[]',\n 'top': 'if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result',\n 'loop': 'result.push(index)'\n });\n\n /**\n * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of an object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.\n * @example\n *\n * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });\n * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {\n if (!isObject(object)) {\n return [];\n }\n if ((support.enumPrototypes && typeof object == 'function') ||\n (support.nonEnumArgs && object.length && isArguments(object))) {\n return shimKeys(object);\n }\n return nativeKeys(object);\n };\n\n /** Reusable iterator options shared by `each`, `forIn`, and `forOwn` */\n var eachIteratorOptions = {\n 'args': 'collection, callback, thisArg',\n 'top': \"callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3)\",\n 'array': \"typeof length == 'number'\",\n 'keys': keys,\n 'loop': 'if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result'\n };\n\n /** Reusable iterator options for `assign` and `defaults` */\n var defaultsIteratorOptions = {\n 'args': 'object, source, guard',\n 'top':\n 'var args = arguments,\\n' +\n ' argsIndex = 0,\\n' +\n \" argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;\\n\" +\n 'while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {\\n' +\n ' iterable = args[argsIndex];\\n' +\n ' if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {',\n 'keys': keys,\n 'loop': \"if (typeof result[index] == 'undefined') result[index] = iterable[index]\",\n 'bottom': ' }\\n}'\n };\n\n /** Reusable iterator options for `forIn` and `forOwn` */\n var forOwnIteratorOptions = {\n 'top': 'if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;\\n' + eachIteratorOptions.top,\n 'array': false\n };\n\n /**\n * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:\n *\n * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`\n * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part\n * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.\n * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under \"semi-related fun fact\")\n */\n var htmlEscapes = {\n '&': '&',\n '<': '<',\n '>': '>',\n '\"': '"',\n \"'\": '''\n };\n\n /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */\n var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);\n\n /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters */\n var reEscapedHtml = RegExp('(' + keys(htmlUnescapes).join('|') + ')', 'g'),\n reUnescapedHtml = RegExp('[' + keys(htmlEscapes).join('') + ']', 'g');\n\n /**\n * A function compiled to iterate `arguments` objects, arrays, objects, and\n * strings consistenly across environments, executing the callback for each\n * element in the collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked\n * with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit\n * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @private\n * @type Function\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.\n */\n var baseEach = createIterator(eachIteratorOptions);\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination\n * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous\n * sources. If a callback is provided it will be executed to produce the\n * assigned values. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with two\n * arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @alias extend\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The destination object.\n * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.\n * @example\n *\n * _.assign({ 'name': 'fred' }, { 'employer': 'slate' });\n * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' }\n *\n * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {\n * return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;\n * });\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };\n * defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });\n * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }\n */\n var assign = createIterator(defaultsIteratorOptions, {\n 'top':\n defaultsIteratorOptions.top.replace(';',\n ';\\n' +\n \"if (argsLength > 3 && typeof args[argsLength - 2] == 'function') {\\n\" +\n ' var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--argsLength - 1], args[argsLength--], 2);\\n' +\n \"} else if (argsLength > 2 && typeof args[argsLength - 1] == 'function') {\\n\" +\n ' callback = args[--argsLength];\\n' +\n '}'\n ),\n 'loop': 'result[index] = callback ? callback(result[index], iterable[index]) : iterable[index]'\n });\n\n /**\n * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects will also\n * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a callback\n * is provided it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If the\n * callback returns `undefined` cloning will be handled by the method instead.\n * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to clone.\n * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * var shallow = _.clone(characters);\n * shallow[0] === characters[0];\n * // => true\n *\n * var deep = _.clone(characters, true);\n * deep[0] === characters[0];\n * // => false\n *\n * _.mixin({\n * 'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {\n * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;\n * })\n * });\n *\n * var clone = _.clone(document.body);\n * clone.childNodes.length;\n * // => 0\n */\n function clone(value, isDeep, callback, thisArg) {\n // allows working with \"Collections\" methods without using their `index`\n // and `collection` arguments for `isDeep` and `callback`\n if (typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isDeep != null) {\n thisArg = callback;\n callback = isDeep;\n isDeep = false;\n }\n return baseClone(value, isDeep, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If a callback is provided it will be\n * executed to produce the cloned values. If the callback returns `undefined`\n * cloning will be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to\n * `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).\n *\n * Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm. Functions\n * and DOM nodes are **not** cloned. The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and\n * objects created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects.\n * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * var deep = _.cloneDeep(characters);\n * deep[0] === characters[0];\n * // => false\n *\n * var view = {\n * 'label': 'docs',\n * 'node': element\n * };\n *\n * var clone = _.cloneDeep(view, function(value) {\n * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(true) : undefined;\n * });\n *\n * clone.node == view.node;\n * // => false\n */\n function cloneDeep(value, callback, thisArg) {\n return baseClone(value, true, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a\n * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned\n * to the created object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.\n * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.\n * @example\n *\n * function Shape() {\n * this.x = 0;\n * this.y = 0;\n * }\n *\n * function Circle() {\n * Shape.call(this);\n * }\n *\n * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, { 'constructor': Circle });\n *\n * var circle = new Circle;\n * circle instanceof Circle;\n * // => true\n *\n * circle instanceof Shape;\n * // => true\n */\n function create(prototype, properties) {\n var result = baseCreate(prototype);\n return properties ? assign(result, properties) : result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination\n * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a\n * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The destination object.\n * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its\n * `key` and `object` arguments as sources.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };\n * _.defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });\n * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }\n */\n var defaults = createIterator(defaultsIteratorOptions);\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it returns the key of the\n * first element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to search.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per\n * iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to\n * create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = {\n * 'barney': { 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * 'fred': { 'age': 40, 'blocked': true },\n * 'pebbles': { 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }\n * };\n *\n * _.findKey(characters, function(chr) {\n * return chr.age < 40;\n * });\n * // => 'barney' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.findKey(characters, { 'age': 1 });\n * // => 'pebbles'\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.findKey(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => 'fred'\n */\n function findKey(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var result;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n if (callback(value, key, object)) {\n result = key;\n return false;\n }\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` in the opposite order.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to search.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per\n * iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to\n * create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = {\n * 'barney': { 'age': 36, 'blocked': true },\n * 'fred': { 'age': 40, 'blocked': false },\n * 'pebbles': { 'age': 1, 'blocked': true }\n * };\n *\n * _.findLastKey(characters, function(chr) {\n * return chr.age < 40;\n * });\n * // => returns `pebbles`, assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.findLastKey(characters, { 'age': 40 });\n * // => 'fred'\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.findLastKey(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => 'pebbles'\n */\n function findLastKey(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var result;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n forOwnRight(object, function(value, key, object) {\n if (callback(value, key, object)) {\n result = key;\n return false;\n }\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object,\n * executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg`\n * and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit\n * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n * @example\n *\n * function Shape() {\n * this.x = 0;\n * this.y = 0;\n * }\n *\n * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {\n * this.x += x;\n * this.y += y;\n * };\n *\n * _.forIn(new Shape, function(value, key) {\n * console.log(key);\n * });\n * // => logs 'x', 'y', and 'move' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n var forIn = createIterator(eachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions, {\n 'useHas': false\n });\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` in the opposite order.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n * @example\n *\n * function Shape() {\n * this.x = 0;\n * this.y = 0;\n * }\n *\n * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {\n * this.x += x;\n * this.y += y;\n * };\n *\n * _.forInRight(new Shape, function(value, key) {\n * console.log(key);\n * });\n * // => logs 'move', 'y', and 'x' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'x', 'y', and 'move'\n */\n function forInRight(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var pairs = [];\n\n forIn(object, function(value, key) {\n pairs.push(key, value);\n });\n\n var length = pairs.length;\n callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (length--) {\n if (callback(pairs[length--], pairs[length], object) === false) {\n break;\n }\n }\n return object;\n }\n\n /**\n * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object, executing the callback\n * for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by\n * explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {\n * console.log(key);\n * });\n * // => logs '0', '1', and 'length' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n var forOwn = createIterator(eachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions);\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` in the opposite order.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.forOwnRight({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {\n * console.log(key);\n * });\n * // => logs 'length', '1', and '0' assuming `_.forOwn` logs '0', '1', and 'length'\n */\n function forOwnRight(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var props = keys(object),\n length = props.length;\n\n callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (length--) {\n var key = props[length];\n if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {\n break;\n }\n }\n return object;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a sorted array of property names of all enumerable properties,\n * own and inherited, of `object` that have function values.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias methods\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names that have function values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.functions(_);\n * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]\n */\n function functions(object) {\n var result = [];\n forIn(object, function(value, key) {\n if (isFunction(value)) {\n result.push(key);\n }\n });\n return result.sort();\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if the specified property name exists as a direct property of `object`,\n * instead of an inherited property.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @param {string} key The name of the property to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');\n * // => true\n */\n function has(object, key) {\n return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) : false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to invert.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.\n * @example\n *\n * _.invert({ 'first': 'fred', 'second': 'barney' });\n * // => { 'fred': 'first', 'barney': 'second' }\n */\n function invert(object) {\n var index = -1,\n props = keys(object),\n length = props.length,\n result = {};\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = props[index];\n result[object[key]] = key;\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isBoolean(null);\n * // => false\n */\n function isBoolean(value) {\n return value === true || value === false ||\n value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == boolClass || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a date.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isDate(new Date);\n * // => true\n */\n function isDate(value) {\n return value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isElement(document.body);\n * // => true\n */\n function isElement(value) {\n return value && value.nodeType === 1 || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a\n * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered\n * \"empty\".\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isEmpty({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isEmpty('');\n * // => true\n */\n function isEmpty(value) {\n var result = true;\n if (!value) {\n return result;\n }\n var className = toString.call(value),\n length = value.length;\n\n if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass ||\n (support.argsClass ? className == argsClass : isArguments(value))) ||\n (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {\n return !length;\n }\n forOwn(value, function() {\n return (result = false);\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are\n * equivalent to each other. If a callback is provided it will be executed\n * to compare values. If the callback returns `undefined` comparisons will\n * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and\n * invoked with two arguments; (a, b).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} a The value to compare.\n * @param {*} b The other value to compare.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };\n * var copy = { 'name': 'fred' };\n *\n * object == copy;\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isEqual(object, copy);\n * // => true\n *\n * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];\n * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];\n *\n * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {\n * var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,\n * aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),\n * bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);\n *\n * return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;\n * });\n * // => true\n */\n function isEqual(a, b, callback, thisArg) {\n return baseIsEqual(a, b, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 2));\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.\n *\n * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite` which will return true for\n * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.5.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is finite, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isFinite(-101);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isFinite('10');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isFinite(true);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isFinite('');\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isFinite(Infinity);\n * // => false\n */\n function isFinite(value) {\n return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isFunction(_);\n * // => true\n */\n function isFunction(value) {\n return typeof value == 'function';\n }\n // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari\n if (isFunction(/x/)) {\n isFunction = function(value) {\n return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == funcClass;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.\n * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isObject({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject(1);\n * // => false\n */\n function isObject(value) {\n // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object\n // http://es5.github.io/#x8\n // and avoid a V8 bug\n // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291\n return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.\n *\n * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN` which will return `true` for\n * `undefined` and other non-numeric values. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNaN(NaN);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));\n * // => true\n *\n * isNaN(undefined);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(undefined);\n * // => false\n */\n function isNaN(value) {\n // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself\n // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)\n return isNumber(value) && value != +value;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is `null`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNull(null);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNull(undefined);\n * // => false\n */\n function isNull(value) {\n return value === null;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a number.\n *\n * Note: `NaN` is considered a number. See http://es5.github.io/#x8.5.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);\n * // => true\n */\n function isNumber(value) {\n return typeof value == 'number' ||\n value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == numberClass || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * function Shape() {\n * this.x = 0;\n * this.y = 0;\n * }\n *\n * _.isPlainObject(new Shape);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });\n * // => true\n */\n var isPlainObject = !getPrototypeOf ? shimIsPlainObject : function(value) {\n if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) || (!support.argsClass && isArguments(value))) {\n return false;\n }\n var valueOf = value.valueOf,\n objProto = isNative(valueOf) && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);\n\n return objProto\n ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto)\n : shimIsPlainObject(value);\n };\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isRegExp(/fred/);\n * // => true\n */\n function isRegExp(value) {\n return value && objectTypes[typeof value] && toString.call(value) == regexpClass || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is a string.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isString('fred');\n * // => true\n */\n function isString(value) {\n return typeof value == 'string' ||\n value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == stringClass || false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isUndefined(void 0);\n * // => true\n */\n function isUndefined(value) {\n return typeof value == 'undefined';\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by\n * running each own enumerable property of `object` through the callback.\n * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, key, object).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new object with values of the results of each `callback` execution.\n * @example\n *\n * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} , function(num) { return num * 3; });\n * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }\n *\n * var characters = {\n * 'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },\n * 'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }\n * };\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.mapValues(characters, 'age');\n * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 }\n */\n function mapValues(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = {};\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n result[key] = callback(value, key, object);\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that\n * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources\n * will overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If a callback is\n * provided it will be executed to produce the merged values of the destination\n * and source properties. If the callback returns `undefined` merging will\n * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and\n * invoked with two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The destination object.\n * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.\n * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.\n * @example\n *\n * var names = {\n * 'characters': [\n * { 'name': 'barney' },\n * { 'name': 'fred' }\n * ]\n * };\n *\n * var ages = {\n * 'characters': [\n * { 'age': 36 },\n * { 'age': 40 }\n * ]\n * };\n *\n * _.merge(names, ages);\n * // => { 'characters': [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }\n *\n * var food = {\n * 'fruits': ['apple'],\n * 'vegetables': ['beet']\n * };\n *\n * var otherFood = {\n * 'fruits': ['banana'],\n * 'vegetables': ['carrot']\n * };\n *\n * _.merge(food, otherFood, function(a, b) {\n * return _.isArray(a) ? a.concat(b) : undefined;\n * });\n * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot] }\n */\n function merge(object) {\n var args = arguments,\n length = 2;\n\n if (!isObject(object)) {\n return object;\n }\n // allows working with `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without using\n // their `index` and `collection` arguments\n if (typeof args[2] != 'number') {\n length = args.length;\n }\n if (length > 3 && typeof args[length - 2] == 'function') {\n var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--length - 1], args[length--], 2);\n } else if (length > 2 && typeof args[length - 1] == 'function') {\n callback = args[--length];\n }\n var sources = slice(arguments, 1, length),\n index = -1,\n stackA = getArray(),\n stackB = getArray();\n\n while (++index < length) {\n baseMerge(object, sources[index], callback, stackA, stackB);\n }\n releaseArray(stackA);\n releaseArray(stackB);\n return object;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.\n * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of\n * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each\n * property of `object` omitting the properties the callback returns truey\n * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, key, object).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The source object.\n * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The properties to omit or the\n * function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.\n * @example\n *\n * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'age');\n * // => { 'name': 'fred' }\n *\n * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {\n * return typeof value == 'number';\n * });\n * // => { 'name': 'fred' }\n */\n function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = {};\n if (typeof callback != 'function') {\n var props = [];\n forIn(object, function(value, key) {\n props.push(key);\n });\n props = baseDifference(props, baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1));\n\n var index = -1,\n length = props.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = props[index];\n result[key] = object[key];\n }\n } else {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n if (!callback(value, key, object)) {\n result[key] = value;\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a two dimensional array of an object's key-value pairs,\n * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.\n * @example\n *\n * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });\n * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n function pairs(object) {\n var index = -1,\n props = keys(object),\n length = props.length,\n result = Array(length);\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = props[index];\n result[index] = [key, object[key]];\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.\n * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of\n * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each\n * property of `object` picking the properties the callback returns truey\n * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, key, object).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The source object.\n * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The function called per\n * iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property\n * names or arrays of property names.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.\n * @example\n *\n * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, 'name');\n * // => { 'name': 'fred' }\n *\n * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, function(value, key) {\n * return key.charAt(0) != '_';\n * });\n * // => { 'name': 'fred' }\n */\n function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = {};\n if (typeof callback != 'function') {\n var index = -1,\n props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1),\n length = isObject(object) ? props.length : 0;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = props[index];\n if (key in object) {\n result[key] = object[key];\n }\n }\n } else {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n if (callback(value, key, object)) {\n result[key] = value;\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * An alternative to `_.reduce` this method transforms `object` to a new\n * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own\n * enumerable properties through a callback, with each callback execution\n * potentially mutating the `accumulator` object. The callback is bound to\n * `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, key, object).\n * Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.\n * @example\n *\n * var squares = _.transform([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], function(result, num) {\n * num *= num;\n * if (num % 2) {\n * return result.push(num) < 3;\n * }\n * });\n * // => [1, 9, 25]\n *\n * var mapped = _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {\n * result[key] = num * 3;\n * });\n * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }\n */\n function transform(object, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {\n var isArr = isArray(object);\n if (accumulator == null) {\n if (isArr) {\n accumulator = [];\n } else {\n var ctor = object && object.constructor,\n proto = ctor && ctor.prototype;\n\n accumulator = baseCreate(proto);\n }\n }\n if (callback) {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);\n (isArr ? baseEach : forOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {\n return callback(accumulator, value, index, object);\n });\n }\n return accumulator;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Objects\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });\n * // => [1, 2, 3] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n function values(object) {\n var index = -1,\n props = keys(object),\n length = props.length,\n result = Array(length);\n\n while (++index < length) {\n result[index] = object[props[index]];\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of elements from the specified indexes, or keys, of the\n * `collection`. Indexes may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays\n * of indexes.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [index] The indexes of `collection`\n * to retrieve, specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements corresponding to the\n * provided indexes.\n * @example\n *\n * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 2, 4]);\n * // => ['a', 'c', 'e']\n *\n * _.at(['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);\n * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']\n */\n function at(collection) {\n var args = arguments,\n index = -1,\n props = baseFlatten(args, true, false, 1),\n length = (args[2] && args[2][args[1]] === collection) ? 1 : props.length,\n result = Array(length);\n\n if (support.unindexedChars && isString(collection)) {\n collection = collection.split('');\n }\n while(++index < length) {\n result[index] = collection[props[index]];\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if a given value is present in a collection using strict equality\n * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the\n * offset from the end of the collection.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias include\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {*} target The value to check for.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.contains({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.contains('pebbles', 'eb');\n * // => true\n */\n function contains(collection, target, fromIndex) {\n var index = -1,\n indexOf = getIndexOf(),\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0,\n result = false;\n\n fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) || 0;\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n result = indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;\n } else if (typeof length == 'number') {\n result = (isString(collection) ? collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) : indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex)) > -1;\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value) {\n if (++index >= fromIndex) {\n return !(result = value === target);\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running\n * each element of `collection` through the callback. The corresponding value\n * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by the callback.\n * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.\n * @example\n *\n * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });\n * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }\n *\n * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);\n * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }\n *\n * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');\n * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }\n */\n var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {\n (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);\n });\n\n /**\n * Checks if the given callback returns truey value for **all** elements of\n * a collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias all\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements passed the callback check,\n * else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes']);\n * // => false\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.every(characters, 'age');\n * // => true\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.every(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => false\n */\n function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = true;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {\n break;\n }\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n return (result = !!callback(value, index, collection));\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning an array of all elements\n * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and\n * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias select\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.\n * @example\n *\n * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });\n * // => [2, 4, 6]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.filter(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.filter(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]\n */\n function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var result = [];\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = collection[index];\n if (callback(value, index, collection)) {\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n if (callback(value, index, collection)) {\n result.push(value);\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning the first element that\n * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and\n * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias detect, findWhere\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }\n * ];\n *\n * _.find(characters, function(chr) {\n * return chr.age < 40;\n * });\n * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.find(characters, { 'age': 1 });\n * // => { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.find(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }\n */\n function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = collection[index];\n if (callback(value, index, collection)) {\n return value;\n }\n }\n } else {\n var result;\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n if (callback(value, index, collection)) {\n result = value;\n return false;\n }\n });\n return result;\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` from right to left.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {\n * return num % 2 == 1;\n * });\n * // => 3\n */\n function findLast(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var result;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n if (callback(value, index, collection)) {\n result = value;\n return false;\n }\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Iterates over elements of a collection, executing the callback for each\n * element. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early by\n * explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * Note: As with other \"Collections\" methods, objects with a `length` property\n * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`\n * may be used for object iteration.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias each\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.\n * @example\n *\n * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');\n * // => logs each number and returns '1,2,3'\n *\n * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { console.log(num); });\n * // => logs each number and returns the object (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n */\n function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n if (callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' && isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === false) {\n break;\n }\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, callback, thisArg);\n }\n return collection;\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` from right to left.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias eachRight\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.\n * @example\n *\n * _([1, 2, 3]).forEachRight(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');\n * // => logs each number from right to left and returns '3,2,1'\n */\n function forEachRight(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var iterable = collection,\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0;\n\n callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n while (length--) {\n if (callback(collection[length], length, collection) === false) {\n break;\n }\n }\n } else {\n if (typeof length != 'number') {\n var props = keys(collection);\n length = props.length;\n } else if (support.unindexedChars && isString(collection)) {\n iterable = collection.split('');\n }\n baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n key = props ? props[--length] : --length;\n return callback(iterable[key], key, collection);\n });\n }\n return collection;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running\n * each element of a collection through the callback. The corresponding value\n * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.\n * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.\n * @example\n *\n * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });\n * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }\n *\n * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);\n * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');\n * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }\n */\n var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {\n (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);\n });\n\n /**\n * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running\n * each element of the collection through the given callback. The corresponding\n * value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key.\n * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;\n * (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.\n * @example\n *\n * var keys = [\n * { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },\n * { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.indexBy(keys, 'dir');\n * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }\n *\n * _.indexBy(keys, function(key) { return String.fromCharCode(key.code); });\n * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }\n *\n * _.indexBy(characters, function(key) { this.fromCharCode(key.code); }, String);\n * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }\n */\n var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {\n result[key] = value;\n });\n\n /**\n * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`\n * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments\n * will be provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it\n * will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or\n * the function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the method with.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.\n * @example\n *\n * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');\n * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]\n *\n * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');\n * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]\n */\n function invoke(collection, methodName) {\n var args = slice(arguments, 2),\n index = -1,\n isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0,\n result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);\n\n forEach(collection, function(value) {\n result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of values by running each element in the collection\n * through the callback. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with\n * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias collect\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.\n * @example\n *\n * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });\n * // => [3, 6, 9]\n *\n * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });\n * // => [3, 6, 9] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.map(characters, 'name');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\n function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0,\n result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);\n\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n while (++index < length) {\n result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Retrieves the maximum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or\n * falsey `-Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed\n * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value\n * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, index, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 8\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.max(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });\n * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.max(characters, 'age');\n * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };\n */\n function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var computed = -Infinity,\n result = computed;\n\n // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using\n // their `index` argument as a callback\n if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {\n callback = null;\n }\n if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = collection[index];\n if (value > result) {\n result = value;\n }\n }\n } else {\n callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))\n ? charAtCallback\n : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n var current = callback(value, index, collection);\n if (current > computed) {\n computed = current;\n result = value;\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Retrieves the minimum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or\n * falsey `Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed\n * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value\n * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, index, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 2\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.min(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });\n * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.min(characters, 'age');\n * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };\n */\n function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var computed = Infinity,\n result = computed;\n\n // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using\n // their `index` argument as a callback\n if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {\n callback = null;\n }\n if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = collection[index];\n if (value < result) {\n result = value;\n }\n }\n } else {\n callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))\n ? charAtCallback\n : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n var current = callback(value, index, collection);\n if (current < computed) {\n computed = current;\n result = value;\n }\n });\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the collection.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {string} property The name of the property to pluck.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.pluck(characters, 'name');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\n var pluck = map;\n\n /**\n * Reduces a collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running\n * each element in the collection through the callback, where each successive\n * callback execution consumes the return value of the previous execution. If\n * `accumulator` is not provided the first element of the collection will be\n * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The callback is bound to `thisArg`\n * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias foldl, inject\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.\n * @example\n *\n * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {\n * return sum + num;\n * });\n * // => 6\n *\n * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {\n * result[key] = num * 3;\n * return result;\n * }, {});\n * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }\n */\n function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {\n var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n if (noaccum) {\n accumulator = collection[++index];\n }\n while (++index < length) {\n accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n accumulator = noaccum\n ? (noaccum = false, value)\n : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)\n });\n }\n return accumulator;\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` from right to left.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias foldr\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.\n * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.\n * @example\n *\n * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];\n * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);\n * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]\n */\n function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {\n var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);\n forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n accumulator = noaccum\n ? (noaccum = false, value)\n : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection);\n });\n return accumulator;\n }\n\n /**\n * The opposite of `_.filter` this method returns the elements of a\n * collection that the callback does **not** return truey for.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that failed the callback check.\n * @example\n *\n * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });\n * // => [1, 3, 5]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.reject(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.reject(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]\n */\n function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n return !callback(value, index, collection);\n });\n }\n\n /**\n * Retrieves a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.\n * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with functions like `_.map`\n * without using their `index` arguments as `n`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the random sample(s) of `collection`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);\n * // => 2\n *\n * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);\n * // => [3, 1]\n */\n function sample(collection, n, guard) {\n if (collection && typeof collection.length != 'number') {\n collection = values(collection);\n } else if (support.unindexedChars && isString(collection)) {\n collection = collection.split('');\n }\n if (n == null || guard) {\n return collection ? collection[baseRandom(0, collection.length - 1)] : undefined;\n }\n var result = shuffle(collection);\n result.length = nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), result.length);\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates\n * shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.\n * @example\n *\n * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);\n * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]\n */\n function shuffle(collection) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0,\n result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);\n\n forEach(collection, function(value) {\n var rand = baseRandom(0, ++index);\n result[index] = result[rand];\n result[rand] = value;\n });\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays\n * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.\n * @returns {number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.\n * @example\n *\n * _.size([1, 2]);\n * // => 2\n *\n * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.size('pebbles');\n * // => 7\n */\n function size(collection) {\n var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;\n return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks if the callback returns a truey value for **any** element of a\n * collection. The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and\n * does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to\n * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias any\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passed the callback check,\n * else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);\n * // => true\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.some(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => true\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.some(characters, { 'age': 1 });\n * // => false\n */\n function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var result;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n\n if (isArray(collection)) {\n var index = -1,\n length = collection.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {\n break;\n }\n }\n } else {\n baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));\n });\n }\n return !!result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of\n * running each element in a collection through the callback. This method\n * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order\n * of equal elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with\n * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an array of property names is provided for `callback` the collection\n * will be sorted by each property value.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.\n * @example\n *\n * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });\n * // => [3, 1, 2]\n *\n * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);\n * // => [3, 1, 2]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 26 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 30 }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, 'age'), _.values);\n * // => [['barney', 26], ['fred', 30], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]]\n *\n * // sorting by multiple properties\n * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, ['name', 'age']), _.values);\n * // = > [['barney', 26], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 40]]\n */\n function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {\n var index = -1,\n isArr = isArray(callback),\n length = collection ? collection.length : 0,\n result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);\n\n if (!isArr) {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n }\n forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n var object = result[++index] = getObject();\n if (isArr) {\n object.criteria = map(callback, function(key) { return value[key]; });\n } else {\n (object.criteria = getArray())[0] = callback(value, key, collection);\n }\n object.index = index;\n object.value = value;\n });\n\n length = result.length;\n result.sort(compareAscending);\n while (length--) {\n var object = result[length];\n result[length] = object.value;\n if (!isArr) {\n releaseArray(object.criteria);\n }\n releaseObject(object);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Converts the `collection` to an array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.\n * @example\n *\n * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);\n * // => [2, 3, 4]\n */\n function toArray(collection) {\n if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {\n return (support.unindexedChars && isString(collection))\n ? collection.split('')\n : slice(collection);\n }\n return values(collection);\n }\n\n /**\n * Performs a deep comparison of each element in a `collection` to the given\n * `properties` object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent\n * property values.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @type Function\n * @category Collections\n * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Object} props The object of property values to filter by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given properties.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }\n * ];\n *\n * _.where(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] }]\n *\n * _.where(characters, { 'pets': ['dino'] });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }]\n */\n var where = filter;\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,\n * `0`, `\"\"`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are all falsey.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to compact.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);\n * // => [1, 2, 3]\n */\n function compact(array) {\n var index = -1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n result = [];\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = array[index];\n if (value) {\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using strict\n * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to process.\n * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);\n * // => [1, 3, 4]\n */\n function difference(array) {\n return baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(arguments, true, true, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first\n * element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to search.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }\n * ];\n *\n * _.findIndex(characters, function(chr) {\n * return chr.age < 20;\n * });\n * // => 2\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.findIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => 0\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.findIndex(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => 1\n */\n function findIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var index = -1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (++index < length) {\n if (callback(array[index], index, array)) {\n return index;\n }\n }\n return -1;\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements\n * of a `collection` from right to left.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to search.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': true },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': false },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': true }\n * ];\n *\n * _.findLastIndex(characters, function(chr) {\n * return chr.age > 30;\n * });\n * // => 1\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.findLastIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });\n * // => 0\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.findLastIndex(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => 2\n */\n function findLastIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var length = array ? array.length : 0;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (length--) {\n if (callback(array[length], length, array)) {\n return length;\n }\n }\n return -1;\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the first element or first `n` elements of an array. If a callback\n * is provided elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long\n * as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and\n * invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias head, take\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called\n * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or\n * object is provided it will be used to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\"\n * style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.first([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => 1\n *\n * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {\n * return num < 3;\n * });\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.first(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' }]\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.pluck(_.first(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' }), 'name');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\n function first(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var n = 0,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {\n var index = -1;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {\n n++;\n }\n } else {\n n = callback;\n if (n == null || thisArg) {\n return array ? array[0] : undefined;\n }\n }\n return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));\n }\n\n /**\n * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`\n * is truey, the array will only be flattened a single level. If a callback\n * is provided each element of the array is passed through the callback before\n * flattening. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.\n * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.\n * @example\n *\n * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];\n *\n * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 30, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.flatten(characters, 'pets');\n * // => ['hoppy', 'baby puss', 'dino']\n */\n function flatten(array, isShallow, callback, thisArg) {\n // juggle arguments\n if (typeof isShallow != 'boolean' && isShallow != null) {\n thisArg = callback;\n callback = (typeof isShallow != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isShallow] === array) ? null : isShallow;\n isShallow = false;\n }\n if (callback != null) {\n array = map(array, callback, thisArg);\n }\n return baseFlatten(array, isShallow);\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using\n * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is already sorted\n * providing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to search.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`\n * to perform a binary search on a sorted array.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => 1\n *\n * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);\n * // => 4\n *\n * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);\n * // => 2\n */\n function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {\n var length = array ? array.length : 0;\n fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);\n } else if (fromIndex) {\n var index = sortedIndex(array, value);\n return array[index] === value ? index : -1;\n }\n return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets all but the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a\n * callback is provided elements at the end of the array are excluded from\n * the result as long as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound\n * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called\n * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or\n * object is provided it will be used to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\"\n * style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => [1]\n *\n * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {\n * return num > 1;\n * });\n * // => [1]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.initial(characters, 'blocked');\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' }]\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.pluck(_.initial(characters, { 'employer': 'na' }), 'name');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\n function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var n = 0,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {\n var index = length;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {\n n++;\n }\n } else {\n n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;\n }\n return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of unique values present in all provided arrays using\n * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of shared values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);\n * // => [1, 2]\n */\n function intersection() {\n var args = [],\n argsIndex = -1,\n argsLength = arguments.length,\n caches = getArray(),\n indexOf = getIndexOf(),\n trustIndexOf = indexOf === baseIndexOf,\n seen = getArray();\n\n while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {\n var value = arguments[argsIndex];\n if (isArray(value) || isArguments(value)) {\n args.push(value);\n caches.push(trustIndexOf && value.length >= largeArraySize &&\n createCache(argsIndex ? args[argsIndex] : seen));\n }\n }\n var array = args[0],\n index = -1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n result = [];\n\n outer:\n while (++index < length) {\n var cache = caches[0];\n value = array[index];\n\n if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(seen, value)) < 0) {\n argsIndex = argsLength;\n (cache || seen).push(value);\n while (--argsIndex) {\n cache = caches[argsIndex];\n if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value)) < 0) {\n continue outer;\n }\n }\n result.push(value);\n }\n }\n while (argsLength--) {\n cache = caches[argsLength];\n if (cache) {\n releaseObject(cache);\n }\n }\n releaseArray(caches);\n releaseArray(seen);\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a callback is\n * provided elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the\n * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked\n * with three arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called\n * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or\n * object is provided it will be used to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\"\n * style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {*} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.last([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => [2, 3]\n *\n * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {\n * return num > 1;\n * });\n * // => [2, 3]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.pluck(_.last(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');\n * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.last(characters, { 'employer': 'na' });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]\n */\n function last(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var n = 0,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {\n var index = length;\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {\n n++;\n }\n } else {\n n = callback;\n if (n == null || thisArg) {\n return array ? array[length - 1] : undefined;\n }\n }\n return slice(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict\n * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used\n * as the offset from the end of the collection.\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to search.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => 4\n *\n * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);\n * // => 1\n */\n function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n var index = array ? array.length : 0;\n if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {\n index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;\n }\n while (index--) {\n if (array[index] === value) {\n return index;\n }\n }\n return -1;\n }\n\n /**\n * Removes all provided values from the given array using strict equality for\n * comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to modify.\n * @param {...*} [value] The values to remove.\n * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];\n * _.pull(array, 2, 3);\n * console.log(array);\n * // => [1, 1]\n */\n function pull(array) {\n var args = arguments,\n argsIndex = 0,\n argsLength = args.length,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {\n var index = -1,\n value = args[argsIndex];\n while (++index < length) {\n if (array[index] === value) {\n splice.call(array, index--, 1);\n length--;\n }\n }\n }\n return array;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from\n * `start` up to but not including `end`. If `start` is less than `stop` a\n * zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.\n * @param {number} end The end of the range.\n * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.\n * @example\n *\n * _.range(4);\n * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 5);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]\n *\n * _.range(0, 20, 5);\n * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]\n *\n * _.range(0, -4, -1);\n * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 4, 0);\n * // => [1, 1, 1]\n *\n * _.range(0);\n * // => []\n */\n function range(start, end, step) {\n start = +start || 0;\n step = typeof step == 'number' ? step : (+step || 1);\n\n if (end == null) {\n end = start;\n start = 0;\n }\n // use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes\n // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s\n var index = -1,\n length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / (step || 1))),\n result = Array(length);\n\n while (++index < length) {\n result[index] = start;\n start += step;\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Removes all elements from an array that the callback returns truey for\n * and returns an array of removed elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg`\n * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to modify.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of removed elements.\n * @example\n *\n * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];\n * var evens = _.remove(array, function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });\n *\n * console.log(array);\n * // => [1, 3, 5]\n *\n * console.log(evens);\n * // => [2, 4, 6]\n */\n function remove(array, callback, thisArg) {\n var index = -1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0,\n result = [];\n\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (++index < length) {\n var value = array[index];\n if (callback(value, index, array)) {\n result.push(value);\n splice.call(array, index--, 1);\n length--;\n }\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * The opposite of `_.initial` this method gets all but the first element or\n * first `n` elements of an array. If a callback function is provided elements\n * at the beginning of the array are excluded from the result as long as the\n * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked\n * with three arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias drop, tail\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called\n * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or\n * object is provided it will be used to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\"\n * style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => [2, 3]\n *\n * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);\n * // => [3]\n *\n * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {\n * return num < 3;\n * });\n * // => [3]\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },\n * { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }\n * ];\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.pluck(_.rest(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');\n * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']\n *\n * // using \"_.where\" callback shorthand\n * _.rest(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' });\n * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]\n */\n function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {\n if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {\n var n = 0,\n index = -1,\n length = array ? array.length : 0;\n\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {\n n++;\n }\n } else {\n n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);\n }\n return slice(array, n);\n }\n\n /**\n * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which a value\n * should be inserted into a given sorted array in order to maintain the sort\n * order of the array. If a callback is provided it will be executed for\n * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The\n * callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted\n * into `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);\n * // => 2\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');\n * // => 2\n *\n * var dict = {\n * 'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }\n * };\n *\n * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {\n * return dict.wordToNumber[word];\n * });\n * // => 2\n *\n * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {\n * return this.wordToNumber[word];\n * }, dict);\n * // => 2\n */\n function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {\n var low = 0,\n high = array ? array.length : low;\n\n // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox\n callback = callback ? lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;\n value = callback(value);\n\n while (low < high) {\n var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;\n (callback(array[mid]) < value)\n ? low = mid + 1\n : high = mid;\n }\n return low;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using\n * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of combined values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.union([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, 5, 4]\n */\n function union() {\n return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arguments, true, true));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using strict equality\n * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is sorted, providing\n * `true` for `isSorted` will use a faster algorithm. If a callback is provided\n * each element of `array` is passed through the callback before uniqueness\n * is computed. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three\n * arguments; (value, index, array).\n *\n * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created \"_.pluck\" style\n * callback will return the property value of the given element.\n *\n * If an object is provided for `callback` the created \"_.where\" style callback\n * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,\n * else `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias unique\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to process.\n * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.\n * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called\n * per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used\n * to create a \"_.pluck\" or \"_.where\" style callback, respectively.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.\n * @example\n *\n * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);\n * // => [1, 2, 3]\n *\n * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);\n * // => [1, 2, 3]\n *\n * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });\n * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']\n *\n * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);\n * // => [1, 2.5, 3]\n *\n * // using \"_.pluck\" callback shorthand\n * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');\n * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]\n */\n function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {\n // juggle arguments\n if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {\n thisArg = callback;\n callback = (typeof isSorted != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isSorted] === array) ? null : isSorted;\n isSorted = false;\n }\n if (callback != null) {\n callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);\n }\n return baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array excluding all provided values using strict equality for\n * comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} array The array to filter.\n * @param {...*} [value] The values to exclude.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);\n * // => [2, 3, 4]\n */\n function without(array) {\n return baseDifference(array, slice(arguments, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array that is the symmetric difference of the provided arrays.\n * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.\n * @returns {Array} Returns an array of values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.xor([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4]);\n * // => [3, 5, 4]\n *\n * _.xor([1, 2, 5], [2, 3, 5], [3, 4, 5]);\n * // => [1, 4, 5]\n */\n function xor() {\n var index = -1,\n length = arguments.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var array = arguments[index];\n if (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) {\n var result = result\n ? baseUniq(baseDifference(result, array).concat(baseDifference(array, result)))\n : array;\n }\n }\n return result || [];\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first\n * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second\n * elements of the given arrays, and so on.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias unzip\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {...Array} [array] Arrays to process.\n * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.\n * @example\n *\n * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);\n * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]\n */\n function zip() {\n var array = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments : arguments[0],\n index = -1,\n length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,\n result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);\n\n while (++index < length) {\n result[index] = pluck(array, index);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Provide\n * either a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`\n * or two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @alias object\n * @category Arrays\n * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.\n * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.\n * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and\n * corresponding values.\n * @example\n *\n * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);\n * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }\n */\n function zipObject(keys, values) {\n var index = -1,\n length = keys ? keys.length : 0,\n result = {};\n\n if (!values && length && !isArray(keys[0])) {\n values = [];\n }\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = keys[index];\n if (values) {\n result[key] = values[index];\n } else if (key) {\n result[key[0]] = key[1];\n }\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that executes `func`, with the `this` binding and\n * arguments of the created function, only after being called `n` times.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {number} n The number of times the function must be called before\n * `func` is executed.\n * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.\n * @example\n *\n * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];\n *\n * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {\n * console.log('Done saving!');\n * });\n *\n * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {\n * asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });\n * });\n * // => logs 'Done saving!', after all saves have completed\n */\n function after(n, func) {\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n return function() {\n if (--n < 1) {\n return func.apply(this, arguments);\n }\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`\n * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those\n * provided to the bound function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to bind.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.\n * @example\n *\n * var func = function(greeting) {\n * return greeting + ' ' + this.name;\n * };\n *\n * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'fred' }, 'hi');\n * func();\n * // => 'hi fred'\n */\n function bind(func, thisArg) {\n return arguments.length > 2\n ? createWrapper(func, 17, slice(arguments, 2), null, thisArg)\n : createWrapper(func, 1, null, null, thisArg);\n }\n\n /**\n * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing\n * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays\n * of method names. If no method names are provided all the function properties\n * of `object` will be bound.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.\n * @param {...string} [methodName] The object method names to\n * bind, specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n * @example\n *\n * var view = {\n * 'label': 'docs',\n * 'onClick': function() { console.log('clicked ' + this.label); }\n * };\n *\n * _.bindAll(view);\n * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);\n * // => logs 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked\n */\n function bindAll(object) {\n var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1) : functions(object),\n index = -1,\n length = funcs.length;\n\n while (++index < length) {\n var key = funcs[index];\n object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], 1, null, null, object);\n }\n return object;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that, when called, invokes the method at `object[key]`\n * and prepends any additional `bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound\n * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to\n * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.\n * See http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.\n * @param {string} key The key of the method.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = {\n * 'name': 'fred',\n * 'greet': function(greeting) {\n * return greeting + ' ' + this.name;\n * }\n * };\n *\n * var func = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');\n * func();\n * // => 'hi fred'\n *\n * object.greet = function(greeting) {\n * return greeting + 'ya ' + this.name + '!';\n * };\n *\n * func();\n * // => 'hiya fred!'\n */\n function bindKey(object, key) {\n return arguments.length > 2\n ? createWrapper(key, 19, slice(arguments, 2), null, object)\n : createWrapper(key, 3, null, null, object);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that is the composition of the provided functions,\n * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.\n * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.\n * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {...Function} [func] Functions to compose.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.\n * @example\n *\n * var realNameMap = {\n * 'pebbles': 'penelope'\n * };\n *\n * var format = function(name) {\n * name = realNameMap[name.toLowerCase()] || name;\n * return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1).toLowerCase();\n * };\n *\n * var greet = function(formatted) {\n * return 'Hiya ' + formatted + '!';\n * };\n *\n * var welcome = _.compose(greet, format);\n * welcome('pebbles');\n * // => 'Hiya Penelope!'\n */\n function compose() {\n var funcs = arguments,\n length = funcs.length;\n\n while (length--) {\n if (!isFunction(funcs[length])) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n }\n return function() {\n var args = arguments,\n length = funcs.length;\n\n while (length--) {\n args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];\n }\n return args[0];\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function which accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when\n * invoked either executes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments\n * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the\n * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` can be specified\n * if `func.length` is not sufficient.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to curry.\n * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.\n * @example\n *\n * var curried = _.curry(function(a, b, c) {\n * console.log(a + b + c);\n * });\n *\n * curried(1)(2)(3);\n * // => 6\n *\n * curried(1, 2)(3);\n * // => 6\n *\n * curried(1, 2, 3);\n * // => 6\n */\n function curry(func, arity) {\n arity = typeof arity == 'number' ? arity : (+arity || func.length);\n return createWrapper(func, 4, null, null, null, arity);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after\n * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked.\n * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on\n * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls\n * to the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.\n *\n * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called\n * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is\n * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.\n * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.\n * @param {Object} [options] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.\n * @example\n *\n * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux\n * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150);\n * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);\n *\n * // execute `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls\n * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {\n * 'leading': true,\n * 'trailing': false\n * });\n *\n * // ensure `batchLog` is executed once after 1 second of debounced calls\n * var source = new EventSource('/stream');\n * source.addEventListener('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {\n * 'maxWait': 1000\n * }, false);\n */\n function debounce(func, wait, options) {\n var args,\n maxTimeoutId,\n result,\n stamp,\n thisArg,\n timeoutId,\n trailingCall,\n lastCalled = 0,\n maxWait = false,\n trailing = true;\n\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n wait = nativeMax(0, wait) || 0;\n if (options === true) {\n var leading = true;\n trailing = false;\n } else if (isObject(options)) {\n leading = options.leading;\n maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && (nativeMax(wait, options.maxWait) || 0);\n trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;\n }\n var delayed = function() {\n var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);\n if (remaining <= 0) {\n if (maxTimeoutId) {\n clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);\n }\n var isCalled = trailingCall;\n maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;\n if (isCalled) {\n lastCalled = now();\n result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {\n args = thisArg = null;\n }\n }\n } else {\n timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);\n }\n };\n\n var maxDelayed = function() {\n if (timeoutId) {\n clearTimeout(timeoutId);\n }\n maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;\n if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {\n lastCalled = now();\n result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {\n args = thisArg = null;\n }\n }\n };\n\n return function() {\n args = arguments;\n stamp = now();\n thisArg = this;\n trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);\n\n if (maxWait === false) {\n var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;\n } else {\n if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {\n lastCalled = stamp;\n }\n var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),\n isCalled = remaining <= 0;\n\n if (isCalled) {\n if (maxTimeoutId) {\n maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);\n }\n lastCalled = stamp;\n result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n }\n else if (!maxTimeoutId) {\n maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);\n }\n }\n if (isCalled && timeoutId) {\n timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);\n }\n else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {\n timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);\n }\n if (leadingCall) {\n isCalled = true;\n result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n }\n if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {\n args = thisArg = null;\n }\n return result;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.\n * Additional arguments will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to defer.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.\n * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.\n * @example\n *\n * _.defer(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 'deferred');\n * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds\n */\n function defer(func) {\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n var args = slice(arguments, 1);\n return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);\n }\n\n /**\n * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments\n * will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to delay.\n * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.\n * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.\n * @example\n *\n * _.delay(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 1000, 'later');\n * // => logs 'later' after one second\n */\n function delay(func, wait) {\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n var args = slice(arguments, 2);\n return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is\n * provided it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result\n * based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the\n * first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the cache key.\n * The `func` is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function.\n * The result cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.\n * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.\n * @example\n *\n * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {\n * return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);\n * });\n *\n * fibonacci(9)\n * // => 34\n *\n * var data = {\n * 'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },\n * 'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }\n * };\n *\n * // modifying the result cache\n * var get = _.memoize(function(name) { return data[name]; }, _.identity);\n * get('pebbles');\n * // => { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }\n *\n * get.cache.pebbles.name = 'penelope';\n * get('pebbles');\n * // => { 'name': 'penelope', 'age': 1 }\n */\n function memoize(func, resolver) {\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n var memoized = function() {\n var cache = memoized.cache,\n key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : keyPrefix + arguments[0];\n\n return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)\n ? cache[key]\n : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));\n }\n memoized.cache = {};\n return memoized;\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to\n * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed\n * with the `this` binding of the created function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.\n * @example\n *\n * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);\n * initialize();\n * initialize();\n * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once\n */\n function once(func) {\n var ran,\n result;\n\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n return function() {\n if (ran) {\n return result;\n }\n ran = true;\n result = func.apply(this, arguments);\n\n // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected\n func = null;\n return result;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional\n * `partial` arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This\n * method is similar to `_.bind` except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.\n * @example\n *\n * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };\n * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');\n * hi('fred');\n * // => 'hi fred'\n */\n function partial(func) {\n return createWrapper(func, 16, slice(arguments, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * This method is like `_.partial` except that `partial` arguments are\n * appended to those provided to the new function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.\n * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.\n * @example\n *\n * var defaultsDeep = _.partialRight(_.merge, _.defaults);\n *\n * var options = {\n * 'variable': 'data',\n * 'imports': { 'jq': $ }\n * };\n *\n * defaultsDeep(options, _.templateSettings);\n *\n * options.variable\n * // => 'data'\n *\n * options.imports\n * // => { '_': _, 'jq': $ }\n */\n function partialRight(func) {\n return createWrapper(func, 32, null, slice(arguments, 1));\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function\n * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Provide an options object to\n * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge\n * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will\n * return the result of the last `func` call.\n *\n * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called\n * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is\n * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.\n * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.\n * @param {Object} [options] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.\n * @example\n *\n * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling\n * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);\n * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);\n *\n * // execute `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes\n * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {\n * 'trailing': false\n * }));\n */\n function throttle(func, wait, options) {\n var leading = true,\n trailing = true;\n\n if (!isFunction(func)) {\n throw new TypeError;\n }\n if (options === false) {\n leading = false;\n } else if (isObject(options)) {\n leading = 'leading' in options ? options.leading : leading;\n trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;\n }\n debounceOptions.leading = leading;\n debounceOptions.maxWait = wait;\n debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;\n\n return debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its\n * first argument. Additional arguments provided to the function are appended\n * to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is executed with\n * the `this` binding of the created function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Functions\n * @param {*} value The value to wrap.\n * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n * @example\n *\n * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {\n * return '
'\n */\n function wrap(value, wrapper) {\n return createWrapper(wrapper, 16, [value]);\n }\n\n /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n /**\n * Creates a function that returns `value`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };\n * var getter = _.constant(object);\n * getter() === object;\n * // => true\n */\n function constant(value) {\n return function() {\n return value;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property\n * name the created callback will return the property value for a given element.\n * If `func` is an object the created callback will return `true` for elements\n * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.\n * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.\n * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.\n * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }\n * ];\n *\n * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands\n * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {\n * var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);\n * return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {\n * return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];\n * };\n * });\n *\n * _.filter(characters, 'age__gt38');\n * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]\n */\n function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {\n var type = typeof func;\n if (func == null || type == 'function') {\n return baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);\n }\n // handle \"_.pluck\" style callback shorthands\n if (type != 'object') {\n return property(func);\n }\n var props = keys(func),\n key = props[0],\n a = func[key];\n\n // handle \"_.where\" style callback shorthands\n if (props.length == 1 && a === a && !isObject(a)) {\n // fast path the common case of providing an object with a single\n // property containing a primitive value\n return function(object) {\n var b = object[key];\n return a === b && (a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b));\n };\n }\n return function(object) {\n var length = props.length,\n result = false;\n\n while (length--) {\n if (!(result = baseIsEqual(object[props[length]], func[props[length]], null, true))) {\n break;\n }\n }\n return result;\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `\"`, and `'` in `string` to their\n * corresponding HTML entities.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {string} string The string to escape.\n * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.\n * @example\n *\n * _.escape('Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles');\n * // => 'Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles'\n */\n function escape(string) {\n return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);\n }\n\n /**\n * This method returns the first argument provided to it.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {*} value Any value.\n * @returns {*} Returns `value`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };\n * _.identity(object) === object;\n * // => true\n */\n function identity(value) {\n return value;\n }\n\n /**\n * Adds function properties of a source object to the destination object.\n * If `object` is a function methods will be added to its prototype as well.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] object The destination object.\n * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.\n * @param {Object} [options] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added are chainable.\n * @example\n *\n * function capitalize(string) {\n * return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();\n * }\n *\n * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize });\n * _.capitalize('fred');\n * // => 'Fred'\n *\n * _('fred').capitalize().value();\n * // => 'Fred'\n *\n * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize }, { 'chain': false });\n * _('fred').capitalize();\n * // => 'Fred'\n */\n function mixin(object, source, options) {\n var chain = true,\n methodNames = source && functions(source);\n\n if (!source || (!options && !methodNames.length)) {\n if (options == null) {\n options = source;\n }\n ctor = lodashWrapper;\n source = object;\n object = lodash;\n methodNames = functions(source);\n }\n if (options === false) {\n chain = false;\n } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {\n chain = options.chain;\n }\n var ctor = object,\n isFunc = isFunction(ctor);\n\n forEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {\n var func = object[methodName] = source[methodName];\n if (isFunc) {\n ctor.prototype[methodName] = function() {\n var chainAll = this.__chain__,\n value = this.__wrapped__,\n args = [value];\n\n push.apply(args, arguments);\n var result = func.apply(object, args);\n if (chain || chainAll) {\n if (value === result && isObject(result)) {\n return this;\n }\n result = new ctor(result);\n result.__chain__ = chainAll;\n }\n return result;\n };\n }\n });\n }\n\n /**\n * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to\n * the `lodash` function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.\n * @example\n *\n * var lodash = _.noConflict();\n */\n function noConflict() {\n context._ = oldDash;\n return this;\n }\n\n /**\n * A no-operation function.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };\n * _.noop(object) === undefined;\n * // => true\n */\n function noop() {\n // no operation performed\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch\n * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @example\n *\n * var stamp = _.now();\n * _.defer(function() { console.log(_.now() - stamp); });\n * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be called\n */\n var now = isNative(now = Date.now) && now || function() {\n return new Date().getTime();\n };\n\n /**\n * Converts the given value into an integer of the specified radix.\n * If `radix` is `undefined` or `0` a `radix` of `10` is used unless the\n * `value` is a hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.\n *\n * Note: This method avoids differences in native ES3 and ES5 `parseInt`\n * implementations. See http://es5.github.io/#E.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {string} value The value to parse.\n * @param {number} [radix] The radix used to interpret the value to parse.\n * @returns {number} Returns the new integer value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.parseInt('08');\n * // => 8\n */\n var parseInt = nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') == 8 ? nativeParseInt : function(value, radix) {\n // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow the ES3 specified implementation of `parseInt`\n return nativeParseInt(isString(value) ? value.replace(reLeadingSpacesAndZeros, '') : value, radix || 0);\n };\n\n /**\n * Creates a \"_.pluck\" style function, which returns the `key` value of a\n * given object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {string} key The name of the property to retrieve.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n * @example\n *\n * var characters = [\n * { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },\n * { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }\n * ];\n *\n * var getName = _.property('name');\n *\n * _.map(characters, getName);\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n *\n * _.sortBy(characters, getName);\n * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]\n */\n function property(key) {\n return function(object) {\n return object[key];\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one\n * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number will be\n * returned. If `floating` is truey or either `min` or `max` are floats a\n * floating-point number will be returned instead of an integer.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.\n * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.\n * @param {boolean} [floating=false] Specify returning a floating-point number.\n * @returns {number} Returns a random number.\n * @example\n *\n * _.random(0, 5);\n * // => an integer between 0 and 5\n *\n * _.random(5);\n * // => also an integer between 0 and 5\n *\n * _.random(5, true);\n * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5\n *\n * _.random(1.2, 5.2);\n * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2\n */\n function random(min, max, floating) {\n var noMin = min == null,\n noMax = max == null;\n\n if (floating == null) {\n if (typeof min == 'boolean' && noMax) {\n floating = min;\n min = 1;\n }\n else if (!noMax && typeof max == 'boolean') {\n floating = max;\n noMax = true;\n }\n }\n if (noMin && noMax) {\n max = 1;\n }\n min = +min || 0;\n if (noMax) {\n max = min;\n min = 0;\n } else {\n max = +max || 0;\n }\n if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {\n var rand = nativeRandom();\n return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1)))), max);\n }\n return baseRandom(min, max);\n }\n\n /**\n * Resolves the value of property `key` on `object`. If `key` is a function\n * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,\n * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey then `undefined`\n * is returned.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @param {string} key The name of the property to resolve.\n * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = {\n * 'cheese': 'crumpets',\n * 'stuff': function() {\n * return 'nonsense';\n * }\n * };\n *\n * _.result(object, 'cheese');\n * // => 'crumpets'\n *\n * _.result(object, 'stuff');\n * // => 'nonsense'\n */\n function result(object, key) {\n if (object) {\n var value = object[key];\n return isFunction(value) ? object[key]() : value;\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves\n * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.\n *\n * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier\n * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl\n *\n * For more information on precompiling templates see:\n * http://lodash.com/custom-builds\n *\n * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:\n * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Utilities\n * @param {string} text The template text.\n * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.\n * @param {Object} [options] The options object.\n * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The \"escape\" delimiter.\n * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The \"evaluate\" delimiter.\n * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as local variables.\n * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The \"interpolate\" delimiter.\n * @param {string} [sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.\n * @param {string} [variable] The data object variable name.\n * @returns {Function|string} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object\n * is given, else it returns the interpolated text.\n * @example\n *\n * // using the \"interpolate\" delimiter to create a compiled template\n * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');\n * compiled({ 'name': 'fred' });\n * // => 'hello fred'\n *\n * // using the \"escape\" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values\n * _.template('<%- value %>', { 'value': '